Question 1

One type of phase shape is ___, which has a smooth, wave-like form.

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal

Question 2

Direct Current involves a ___ flow of charged particles for greater than one second.

Accepted Answer

unidirectional

Question 3

___ current changes direction periodically.

Accepted Answer

Alternating

Question 4

The ___ is the electric charge of a single pulse.

Accepted Answer

Pulse Charge

Question 5

A monophasic waveform either has a ___ or ___ charge.

Accepted Answer

positive, negative

Question 6

Higher frequencies cause muscles to ___ faster.

Accepted Answer

fatigue

Question 7

In the bipolar technique, the electrodes are ___ in size.

Accepted Answer

equal

Question 8

Pulsed current is a ___ flow of direct or alternating current.

Accepted Answer

non-continuous

Question 9

Frequency affects the pattern of quality of the ___ response.

Accepted Answer

motor

Question 10

In Direct Current, one electrode is the ___ (+) and the other is the ___ (-).

Accepted Answer

anode, cathode

Question 11

In ___ current, the voltage varies sinusoidally with time.

Accepted Answer

Alternating

Question 12

Frequency in electrotherapy is measured in cycles per second, pulses per second (PPS), or ___.

Accepted Answer

Hertz (Hz)

Question 13

In the monopolar technique, the ___ electrode is placed over the target area and is the smaller electrode.

Accepted Answer

active

Question 14

In ___ current, the voltage remains constant over time.

Accepted Answer

Direct

Question 15

The ___ is the ratio of on time to off time in electrotherapy devices.

Accepted Answer

Duty Cycle

Question 16

The book 'Michlovitz’s Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention' is edited by ___ and ___ and published by F. A. Davis Company in 2022.

Accepted Answer

Bellew JW, Nolan Jr TP

Question 17

The 'PT Exam. The Complete Study Guide' by Giles S is published by ___ in 2020.

Accepted Answer

Scorebuilders

Question 18

___ mode consists of a finite period of pulses followed by no current flow.

Accepted Answer

Burst

Question 19

When electrodes are placed ___ apart, the current is denser in deeper tissues.

Accepted Answer

further

Question 20

___ current flows in one direction only.

Accepted Answer

Direct

Question 21

In Alternating Current, the change in direction of current flow results in a change in ___.

Accepted Answer

polarity

Question 22

Pulsed current can be ___ or ___.

Accepted Answer

monophasic, biphasic

Question 23

Amplitude is the maximal distance that the pulse rises above or drops below ___.

Accepted Answer

baseline

Question 24

Pulse duration or pulse width is the horizontal distance to complete one full cycle of ___.

Accepted Answer

pulses

Question 25

___ allows current amplitude to gradually increase and then gradually decrease.

Accepted Answer

Ramp time

Question 26

For a nice titanic muscle contraction, a frequency greater than ___ Hz is needed.

Accepted Answer

30

Question 27

In the monopolar technique, the ___ electrode is placed at another site.

Accepted Answer

dispersive

Question 28

___ current is commonly used in household power supplies.

Accepted Answer

Alternating

Question 29

A ___ waveform has a bidirectional flow of charged particles.

Accepted Answer

biphasic

Question 30

A ___ waveform is a biphasic waveform where there are three or more phases in a single pulse.

Accepted Answer

polyphasic

Question 31

In DC or monophasic current, one electrode will be the ___ (negative) and the other the ___ (positive).

Accepted Answer

cathode, anode

Question 32

A ___ waveform has a unidirectional flow of charged particles.

Accepted Answer

monophasic

Question 33

___ modulation involves changing the strength of the current.

Accepted Answer

Amplitude

Question 34

In the bipolar technique, ___ active electrodes are placed over the target area.

Accepted Answer

two

Question 35

When electrodes are placed ___ together, the current is denser in superficial tissues.

Accepted Answer

close

Question 36

Amplitude is also known as ___.

Accepted Answer

Intensity

Question 37

A pulse duration can be either ___ or ___.

Accepted Answer

Monophasic, Biphasic

Question 38

A ___ phase shape is characterized by sharp, pointed peaks.

Accepted Answer

Spiked

Question 39

A biphasic waveform can be ___ or ___.

Accepted Answer

symmetrical, asymmetrical

Question 40

___ modulation involves changing the length of time each pulse lasts.

Accepted Answer

Duration

Question 41

A ___ phase shape has a consistent, block-like form.

Accepted Answer

Rectangular

Question 42

The 'National Physical Therapy Exam Review & Study Guide' is authored by ___, ___, ___, and ___, and published by TherapyEd in 2023.

Accepted Answer

O’Sullivan S, Siegelman R, Shaffer S, Sutlive T

Question 43

Alternating Current is characterized by a polarity that continuously changes from ___ to ___.

Accepted Answer

positive, negative

Question 44

At least ___ electrodes of opposite charges are needed for electrotherapy.

Accepted Answer

two

Question 45

In biphasic current, the ___ and ___ are constantly changing.

Accepted Answer

cathode, anode

Question 46

One modifiable setting on electrotherapy devices to prevent accommodation is ___ modulation.

Accepted Answer

current

Question 47

___ modulation involves changing the rate at which pulses are delivered.

Accepted Answer

Frequency

Question 48

___ current is typically used in battery-powered devices.

Accepted Answer

Direct