Introduction to Ancient Greece and Its Gods

What type of artifact is attributed to the Foundry Painter from around 490-480 B.C.?

- Attic Red Figure Kylix

How many consorts or wives did ancient mythographers count for Zeus?

- 115 consorts or wives

1/190

p.56

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What type of artifact is attributed to the Foundry Painter from around 490-480 B.C.?

- Attic Red Figure Kylix

p.19

Key Deities and Their Attributes

How many consorts or wives did ancient mythographers count for Zeus?

- 115 consorts or wives

p.39

Religious Practices and Beliefs

What does the Terracotta Votive Plaque (Ninnion Tablet) represent?

- The procession of the Eleusinian Mysteries (Mysteria).

p.70

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What are the alternative names for Dionysus?

- Bacchus - Liber Pater

p.75

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the origin of the 'Diana of Versailles' statue?

- Roman copy of a 1st - 2nd century AD of a 4th century BC original

p.67

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who is depicted as Venus in the late 1st – early 2nd century AD?

A Flavian Woman.

p.55

Key Deities and Their Attributes

With which goddess is Hephaestus often associated as champions of civilization and progress?

- Athena

p.25

Key Deities and Their Attributes

How is Hera usually depicted?

- Matronly and regal - Often with a crown and a sceptre

p.19

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who is Zeus married to?

- Hera (Juno)

p.26

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What material is the Roman copy of the Greek sculpture of Hera made from?

- Marble

p.9

Geographical and Historical Context

When did the establishment of Ancient Greek colonies primarily occur?

- 7th century B.C.

p.9

Geographical and Historical Context

What were some of the impacts of Greek colonization in the 7th century B.C.?

- Spread of Greek culture and language - Establishment of trade networks - Cultural exchanges with indigenous populations

p.15

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Which gods are believed to reside on Mount Olympus?

- Zeus - Hera - Poseidon - Demeter - Athena - Apollo - Artemis - Ares - Aphrodite - Hephaestus - Hermes - Hestia or Dionysus

p.37

Key Deities and Their Attributes

How is Demeter typically depicted?

- As a matronly goddess - Usually with ears of wheat/barley - Often holding torches - Sometimes with a cornucopia

p.22

Geographical and Historical Context

Where was the Temple of Zeus located?

In Olympia, Greece.

p.71

Geographical and Historical Context

When was the Theatre of Dionysus constructed?

- Late 4th century BC

p.41

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What does the name Hades mean?

- Unseen one

p.56

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the Roman name for the Greek god Hephaestus?

- Vulcan

p.70

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the origin and period of the Bronze Statuette of Dionysus?

- Roman Period - Influenced by 2nd century BC creations

p.63

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Where can a Roman fresco of Ares be found?

- Pompeii (House of Mars and Venus) - Dates back to the 1st century AD

p.33

The Twelve Olympian Gods

To which deity is the vase dedicated?

- Zeus

p.23

The Twelve Olympian Gods

When was the Chryselephantine Statue of Olympian Zeus created?

Around 435 BC

p.29

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is Hestia's Roman equivalent?

Vesta

p.17

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What are the main roles of Zeus in Greek mythology?

- Supreme god of Olympus - Sky God - God of Justice and Virtue

p.17

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Which items are considered sacred to Zeus?

- Oak tree - Eagle - Bull

p.83

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What role did Hermes play among the gods?

- Messenger of the gods

p.47

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What crafts is Athena the goddess of?

- Weaving - Boat building

p.47

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is Athena a symbol of?

- Wisdom - Reasoned control over the elements

p.6

Overview of Ancient Greece

What currency is used in modern Greece?

- Euro (€)

p.6

Overview of Ancient Greece

What is a major cultural event celebrated in modern Greece?

- Greek Independence Day on March 25

p.2

Geographical and Historical Context

What years does the 8th century BC refer to?

- 800 BC to 701 BC

p.45

Key Deities and Their Attributes

From which century is the Baths of Neptune in Ostia?

- 2nd century AD

p.81

Key Deities and Their Attributes

To which god was the Temple of Apollo at Delphi dedicated?

- Apollo.

p.63

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the Ludovisi Ares?

- Roman version of a Greek original from ca. 320 BC - Created around the 2nd century AD

p.39

Religious Practices and Beliefs

What is known about Mystery Religions like the Eleusinian Mysteries?

- Very little is known because initiates were not supposed to say anything about the rites they saw.

p.33

Geographical and Historical Context

Where was the vase found?

- Hearth, Unit C

p.23

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who created the Chryselephantine Statue of Olympian Zeus?

*Pheidias

p.44

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who is Poseidon in Roman mythology?

- Neptune

p.23

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Which ancient author provides a description of the Chryselephantine Statue of Olympian Zeus?

Pausanias

p.17

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What are the attributes commonly associated with Zeus?

- Bolt of lightning - Mature and bearded - Aegis

p.17

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who are the parents of Zeus?

- Cronos (Saturn) - Rhea

p.74

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is Artemis the goddess of?

- The hunt

p.47

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is Athena known as in Roman mythology?

- Minerva

p.41

Key Deities and Their Attributes

How is Hades generally considered in terms of deity classification?

- Chthonian/Chthonic (of the earth) deity

p.6

Overview of Ancient Greece

What is the capital city of modern Greece?

- Athens

p.2

Geographical and Historical Context

What does 'CE' stand for and how does it differ from 'AD'?

- CE: Common Era - AD: Anno Domini (In the Year of Our Lord)

p.6

Overview of Ancient Greece

What is a famous historical site in modern Greece?

- The Acropolis of Athens

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek goddess Artemis's Roman equivalent?

- Diana

p.84

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek god Hermes?

- Mercury

p.75

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Artemis?

- Diana

p.33

Geographical and Historical Context

From which century does the vase possibly date?

- Mid 3rd century BC

p.15

Ancient Greek Religion

What is the significance of Mount Olympus in ancient Greek religion?

- Considered the divine realm - Central to many myths and legends

p.60

Key Deities and Their Attributes

To which god is the Temple of Hephaestus dedicated?

- Hephaestus, the god of fire and craftsmanship

p.29

Key Deities and Their Attributes

How is Hestia typically depicted in Greek mythology?

She is not often depicted in anthropomorphic form (form of a human).

p.66

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is Aphrodite in Roman mythology?

- Venus

p.65

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Aphrodite?

- Venus

p.65

The Twelve Olympian Gods

From where might the origin of Aphrodite have been disseminated to Greece?

- Phoenicia - Cyprus - Cythera

p.83

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What items are Hermes usually depicted with?

- Petasus (traveler's cap) - Sandals - Kerykeion/Caduceus (all three could have wings on them)

p.41

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Which creature is associated with Hades?

- Cerberus (three-headed dog)

p.50

Geographical and Historical Context

What is the Acropolis of Athens?

A historic citadel located on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens.

p.58

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the title of the artwork attributed to the School of Polygnotos, ca. 430BC?

Hephaestus Returns to Olympus.

p.58

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Around what year was the 'Hephaestus Returns to Olympus' artwork created?

ca. 430BC.

p.2

Geographical and Historical Context

What years does the 5th century BC refer to?

- 500 BC to 401 BC

p.81

The Oracle of Delphi

When was the Temple of Apollo at Delphi constructed?

- 4th century BC.

p.38

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Demeter?

- Ceres

p.75

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the 'Diana of Versailles'?

- A marble statue of Artemis/Diana

p.25

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What are Hera's main domains as a goddess?

- Morality - Monogamous marriage - Childbirth

p.55

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What symbols are associated with Hephaestus?

- The forge - Blacksmith tongs - The hammer

p.71

Overview of Ancient Greece

What is the Theatre of Dionysus?

- An ancient Greek theatre in Athens - Dedicated to Dionysus, the god of wine and theatre

p.29

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is unique about Hestia compared to other Greek gods and goddesses?

- She does not have much of a place in Greek mythology. - She is a virgin goddess like Artemis and Athena.

p.66

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What domains is Aphrodite the goddess of?

- Love - Beauty - Marriage - Seafaring - Certain civic offices - Protection of the citizen body

p.83

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who is Hermes in Roman mythology?

- Mercury

p.47

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What aspects of warfare is Athena associated with?

- Intelligent warfare - Strategic warfare

p.47

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who does Athena protect?

- Heroes

p.47

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who is Athena's father?

- Zeus

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek god Poseidon's Roman equivalent?

- Neptune

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek goddess Aphrodite's Roman equivalent?

- Venus

p.84

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What does the name 'Hermes' mean?

- 'He of the Stone Heap'

p.81

The Oracle of Delphi

Where is the Temple of Apollo located?

- Delphi.

p.38

Key Deities and Their Attributes

From which period is the Roman marble copy of a Greek original of Demeter?

- 1st – 2nd century A.D.

p.38

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the date of the Roman marble statue depicting the Roman Empress Livia in the guise of Ceres?

- ca. 15-45 A.D.

p.15

Geographical and Historical Context

Where is Mount Olympus located?

- Greece - Near the Aegean Sea

p.60

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the Temple of Hephaestus?

- An ancient Greek temple - Dedicated to Hephaestus, the god of fire and craftsmanship

p.23

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What materials were used to create the Chryselephantine Statue of Olympian Zeus?

Gold and ivory

p.25

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who are Hera's parents?

- Cronos (Saturn) - Rhea

p.44

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What are Poseidon's symbols and modes of transportation?

- Carries a trident - Rides a chariot drawn by horses or hippocampi

p.74

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is Artemis known as in Roman mythology?

- Diana

p.66

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What role did Aphrodite play in Athens specifically?

- Goddess of marriage and married love

p.65

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is the significance of 'aphros' in the context of Aphrodite?

- Aphrodite is said to have risen from the sea foam.

p.83

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What boundaries did Hermes oversee?

- Heaven/Earth/Underworld - Between cities - Doorways

p.47

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What city is Athena particularly associated with?

- Athens (Athena Polias)

p.2

Geographical and Historical Context

How should 'AD' and 'CE' be positioned in a date?

- AD: AD 2021 - CE: 2021 CE

p.2

Geographical and Historical Context

What years does the 3rd century BC refer to?

- 300 BC to 201 BC

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek goddess Hestia's Roman equivalent?

- Vesta

p.45

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Where can you find the Baths of Neptune that are associated with Poseidon?

- Ostia

p.30

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Hestia?

- Vesta

p.70

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Describe the Votive Marble Relief from Attica.

- 1st century BC - Neo-Attic Relief - Done in Archaic style

p.26

Key Deities and Their Attributes

From which centuries does the Roman copy of the Greek sculpture of Hera date?

- 3rd century B.C. (original Greek sculpture) - 2nd century A.D. (Roman copy)

p.75

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the Bronze Statue of Artemis from Piraeus?

- A statue from the School of Praxiteles, 4th century BC

p.15

Greek Mythology and Its Influence

What is Mount Olympus known for in Greek mythology?

- Home of the Twelve Olympian Gods - The highest mountain in Greece

p.60

Geographical and Historical Context

When was the Temple of Hephaestus constructed?

- Approximately between 449 and 416 BC

p.17

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek god Zeus?

- Jupiter

p.71

Geographical and Historical Context

Where is the Theatre of Dionysus located?

- In Athens, Greece - On the southern slope of the Acropolis

p.66

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is the significance of Aphrodite in Corinth and Athens?

- Known as Pandemos - Associated with the protection of the citizen body

p.69

The Twelve Olympian Gods

When was Dionysus included in the Olympian pantheon?

He was included late.

p.69

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Which Olympian god is said to have been displaced by Dionysus?

Hestia

p.83

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What type of god is Hermes known as?

- Trickster god

p.69

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who are the parents of Dionysus?

- Zeus - Semele

p.47

Key Deities and Their Attributes

How is Athena usually represented?

- With a helmet - With a spear - With a shield - With an aegis - Sometimes attended by a Nike (victory) with a wreath or a crown

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek goddess Hera's Roman equivalent?

- Juno

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek goddess Athena's Roman equivalent?

- Minerva

p.84

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who created the sculpture of Mercury in the second half of the 16th century?

- Giovanni Bologna

p.81

The Oracle of Delphi

What is the Temple of Apollo at Delphi?

- A significant ancient Greek temple dedicated to the god Apollo.

p.63

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek god Ares?

- Mars

p.38

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the approximate date of the Greek original that the Roman marble copy of Demeter is based on?

- ca. 420 B.C.

p.33

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is the possible name associated with the vase?

- Ktesios

p.55

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What domains is Hephaestus the god of?

- The forge - Craftsmen - Fire

p.29

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is Hestia the goddess of?

- The Hearth - The family - The state

p.55

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who are the parents of Hephaestus?

- Hera - Hera and Zeus

p.23

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Where was the Chryselephantine Statue of Olympian Zeus located?

In the Temple of Zeus at Olympia

p.44

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who are Poseidon's parents?

- Cronos (Saturn) - Rhea

p.69

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What are the alternative names for Dionysus?

- Bacchus - Liber Pater

p.41

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is Hades the god of?

- The dead - Death

p.65

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Which famous painting depicts the birth of Venus (Aphrodite) and who is the artist?

- The Birth of Venus - Sandro Botticelli - Circa 1485

p.41

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who are the parents of Hades?

- Cronos (Saturn) - Rhea

p.58

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What type of pottery is 'Hephaestus Returns to Olympus' depicted on?

Attic Red Figure Krater.

p.58

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What type of pottery is attributed to the Kleophon Painter, ca. 430BC?

Attic Red Figure Pelike.

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek god Apollo's Roman equivalent?

- Apollo

p.45

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek god Poseidon?

- Neptune

p.19

Key Deities and Their Attributes

How does Zeus' faithfulness compare to Hera's?

- Zeus is unfaithful to Hera - Hera has no affairs

p.21

Religious Practices and Beliefs

What is the first stage of the Altar to Zeus at Olympia called?

- Prothysis

p.39

Religious Practices and Beliefs

From which period does the Ninnion Tablet originate?

- Mid 4th century BC.

p.55

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who is Hephaestus in Roman mythology?

- Vulcan

p.37

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is Demeter the goddess of?

- Earth

p.22

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is the Temple of Zeus?

A grand temple dedicated to Zeus, the king of the Olympian gods.

p.60

Geographical and Historical Context

What is significant about the construction period of the Temple of Hephaestus?

- It was built during the height of the Athenian Empire

p.29

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who are Hestia's parents?

- Cronos (Saturn) - Rhea

p.71

Cultural Identity of the Hellenes

What significance does the Theatre of Dionysus hold in ancient Greek culture?

- It was a major venue for theatrical performances - Hosted the City Dionysia festival, a major cultural event

p.74

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What are some of the domains Artemis is associated with?

- Young children - Animals - Childbirth

p.83

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Which groups did Hermes protect?

- Shepherds - Travellers - Merchants - Heralds - Thieves

p.69

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What other roles does Dionysus have besides being a fertility deity?

- God of resurrection - God of wine and drinking

p.6

Overview of Ancient Greece

What is the official language of modern Greece?

- Greek

p.6

Overview of Ancient Greece

What is the population of modern Greece approximately?

- Around 10.4 million people

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek goddess Demeter's Roman equivalent?

- Ceres

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek god Hades's Roman equivalent?

- Pluto

p.30

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Which artifact is attributed to Oltos and dates back to the 5th century BC?

- Attic Red Figure Kylix

p.26

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is the Roman name for the Greek goddess Hera?

- Juno

p.21

Religious Practices and Beliefs

What is the circumference of the prothysis stage of the Altar to Zeus at Olympia?

- 125 ft.

p.9

Geographical and Historical Context

Which regions did Ancient Greek colonies spread to during the 7th century B.C.?

- The Mediterranean - The Black Sea

p.37

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What is Demeter known as in Roman mythology?

- Ceres

p.15

Geographical and Historical Context

How high is Mount Olympus?

- Approximately 2,917 meters (9,570 feet)

p.44

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What domains is Poseidon the god of?

- Ocean - Springs - Earthquakes - Horses

p.22

Religious Practices and Beliefs

What was the purpose of the Altar of Zeus?

To perform sacrifices and offerings to honor Zeus.

p.22

Geographical and Historical Context

What architectural style is the Temple of Zeus known for?

Doric order.

p.65

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What might the name Aphrodite be a distortion of?

- Inanna - Ishtar - Astartê

p.69

Key Deities and Their Attributes

With what is Dionysus associated?

- The vine (grape, ivy) - Animals associated with strength, ferocity, or sexual vitality (lion, leopard, bull, goat)

p.50

Geographical and Historical Context

What is the most famous building on the Acropolis of Athens?

The Parthenon.

p.6

Overview of Ancient Greece

What is a significant economic sector in modern Greece?

- Tourism

p.2

Geographical and Historical Context

What years does the 2nd century BC refer to?

- 200 BC to 101 BC

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek god Hephaestus's Roman equivalent?

- Vulcan

p.9

Geographical and Historical Context

What was a primary reason for the establishment of Ancient Greek colonies?

- Overpopulation in mainland Greece - Search for arable land - Expansion of trade

p.25

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is Hera's Roman equivalent?

- Juno

p.25

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Which animals are associated with Hera?

- Cow - Peacock

p.37

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who are Demeter's parents?

- Cronos (Saturn) - Rhea

p.44

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What are Poseidon's roles related to the earth and sea?

- Supports the earth - Causes earthquakes - Saviour for seafarers - Can cause the sea to surge

p.71

The Twelve Olympian Gods

To which god was the Theatre of Dionysus dedicated?

- Dionysus, the god of wine and theatre

p.22

Geographical and Historical Context

What significant event was associated with the Temple of Zeus?

The ancient Olympic Games.

p.41

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who rules the underworld with Hades?

- His wife Persephone (for 3 months of the year)

p.74

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What dual purpose did Artemis's arrows serve?

- Hunting - Causing death in childbirth

p.74

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who are Artemis's parents and sibling?

- Parents: Zeus and Leto - Twin brother: Apollo

p.2

Geographical and Historical Context

What does 'BCE' stand for and how does it differ from 'BC'?

- BCE: Before the Common Era - BC: Before Christ

p.2

Geographical and Historical Context

What years does the 1st century BC refer to?

- 100 BC to 1 BC

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek god Ares's Roman equivalent?

- Mars

p.37

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Who is Demeter's daughter and who is her father?

- Persephone (or Kore = girl/maiden) - Father: Zeus

p.22

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What notable statue was housed in the Temple of Zeus?

The Statue of Zeus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

p.74

The Twelve Olympian Gods

With what celestial body was Artemis associated in classical times?

- The moon

p.65

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What does the Greek word 'aphros' mean?

- Foam

p.69

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What type of deity is Dionysus?

A male fertility deity.

p.41

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What are the other names or titles for Hades?

- Chthonian Zeus - Pluton (wealth)

p.47

Key Deities and Their Attributes

What symbols are associated with Athena?

- Olive tree - Owl - Snake

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek god Zeus's Roman equivalent?

- Jupiter

p.58

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Around what year was the Attic Red Figure Pelike created?

ca. 430BC.

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek goddess Persephone's Roman equivalent?

- Proserpina

p.66

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is the Venus de Milo and when was it created?

- A statue attributed to Alexandros of Antioch - Created around 130-100 BC

p.74

The Twelve Olympian Gods

What is paradoxical about Artemis's association with childbirth?

- She is a virginal goddess.

p.74

The Twelve Olympian Gods

How is Artemis typically depicted?

- Wearing a hunting dress - Holding a bow and arrow - Accompanied by an animal (e.g., dog, deer)

p.6

Overview of Ancient Greece

What type of government does modern Greece have?

- Parliamentary republic

p.58

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Which school is attributed to the creation of the 'Hephaestus Returns to Olympus' artwork?

The School of Polygnotos.

p.58

Key Deities and Their Attributes

Which painter is attributed to the creation of the Attic Red Figure Pelike, ca. 430BC?

The Kleophon Painter.

p.14

The Twelve Olympian Gods

Who is the Greek god Hermes's Roman equivalent?

- Mercury