p.2
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What is the primary focus of medical pharmacology?
The study of how drugs interact with biological systems.
p.2
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
What are the two main branches of pharmacology?
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
p.2
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
What does pharmacokinetics study?
The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
p.2
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
What does pharmacodynamics focus on?
The effects of drugs on the body and their mechanisms of action.
p.7
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What dual role does pharmacology play in medicine?
It is both a basic and an applied science.
p.10
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What are cardiac glycosides used for?
They are used for heart failure.
p.12
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does ARB stand for?
Angiotensin receptor blocker.
p.7
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
Why is a proper understanding of basic pharmacology essential for medical students and prescribing physicians?
Correct and skillful application of drugs is impossible without it.
p.7
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
What type of data is being obtained to optimize drug therapy?
Objective and quantitative data on drug use in humans, including plasma concentration and therapeutic/toxic actions.
p.18
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What are the two main divisions of pharmacology?
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
p.13
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does CAB stand for?
Combined androgen blockade.
p.7
Pharmacotherapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine
What is emphasized in the guidelines provided in the book?
Selection of drugs and their clinical status based on current information.
p.4
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
Where was 'Essentials of Medical Pharmacology' published?
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
p.15
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does IRS stand for in pharmacology?
Insulin response substrate.
p.2
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
Why is it important to understand drug classifications?
To predict drug behavior and therapeutic effects based on their class.
p.12
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does ADHD stand for?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
p.10
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What is the purpose of drugs for peptic ulcer?
They are used to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
p.8
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
What is the significance of drug metabolism?
It transforms drugs into more water-soluble compounds for excretion.
p.16
Drug Development and Regulation
What is the full form of PCEV?
Purified chick embryo cell vaccine (rabies).
p.14
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What does GABA represent?
Gamma amino butyric acid.
p.5
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What is the title of the publication mentioned?
Essentials of Medical Pharmacology.
p.4
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
Which institution is KD Tripathi associated with?
Maulana Azad Medical College and associated LN and GB Pant Hospitals.
p.6
Pharmacotherapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine
What has crystallized into evidence-based medicine according to the text?
Credible evidence regarding the impact of different treatment modalities on therapeutic outcomes.
p.16
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does PAF stand for?
Platelet activating factor.
p.7
Drug Development and Regulation
How does the book handle the introduction of new drugs?
It includes only a few new drugs likely to be marketed soon in India.
p.10
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What do antimicrobial drugs target?
They target infections caused by microorganisms.
p.16
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
What does PCI stand for?
Percutaneous coronary intervention.
p.11
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What type of antibiotics are Aminoglycosides?
A class of antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections.
p.5
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What is the email address for inquiries regarding bulk sales?
jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com.
p.6
Pharmacotherapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine
What has been a significant focus in recent developments in medical pharmacology?
Defining molecular targets for drug action and finding targeted drugs.
p.18
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
What does pharmacodynamics refer to?
What the drug does to the body, including physiological and biochemical effects.
p.10
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What is the role of diuretics?
They help in the removal of excess fluid from the body.
p.14
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does EDRF stand for?
Endothelium dependent relaxing factor.
p.20
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What is the difference between a non-proprietary name and a proprietary name?
A non-proprietary name is a generic name used universally, while a proprietary name is a brand name assigned by the manufacturer.
p.18
Pharmacotherapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine
What is the significance of pharmacology in therapeutics?
It forms the backbone of rational therapeutics.
p.20
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
What is the purpose of formularies?
Formularies list indications, doses, contraindications, and adverse effects of selected drugs available for medicinal use.
p.11
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What is the function of Antifungal Drugs?
To treat fungal infections.
What do Vaccines and Sera provide?
Immunity against specific diseases.
p.7
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What approach is used in the book to describe drug classes?
A 'prototype' approach, describing a representative drug followed by features of individual members.
p.16
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What is the meaning of PAI-1?
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.
p.17
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What are SSRIs?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
p.18
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What was the state of drugs for thousands of years?
Most were crude natural products of unknown composition and limited efficacy.
p.10
Adverse Drug Effects and Toxicology
What are the general considerations for antimicrobial drugs?
They include efficacy, resistance, and side effects.
p.8
Pharmacodynamics and Mechanisms of Drug Action
What is receptor pharmacology?
The study of how drugs interact with cellular receptors to elicit effects.
p.20
Drug Development and Regulation
What information do pharmacopoeias typically contain?
They contain descriptions of chemical structure, molecular weight, physical and chemical characteristics, and standards of purity for officially approved drugs.
p.9
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
Which section includes corticosteroids?
Section 5, 20: Corticosteroids.
p.19
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What is the definition of a drug according to the WHO (1966)?
Any substance or product used to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient.
p.19
Adverse Drug Effects and Toxicology
What is the focus of toxicology?
The study of the poisonous effects of drugs and other chemicals, including detection, prevention, and treatment of poisonings.
p.2
Adverse Drug Effects and Toxicology
What is the significance of understanding drug interactions?
To prevent adverse effects and enhance therapeutic efficacy.
p.17
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does SRS-A stand for?
Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis.
p.6
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Which diseases are emphasized in the context of drug therapy in the text?
Diseases prevalent in India and similar tropical countries.
p.10
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What do haematinics and erythropoietin affect?
They affect blood formation.
p.14
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What is the full form of EDTA?
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid.
p.15
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What is the meaning of NRTI?
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
p.8
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in pharmacology?
It regulates involuntary bodily functions and is a target for various drugs.
p.20
Pharmacotherapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine
Why is it argued to use non-proprietary names in prescribing?
For uniformity, convenience, economy, and better comprehension.
p.19
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
How is the drug primarily metabolized?
By glucuronide and sulfate conjugation into inactive metabolites.
p.9
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What drugs are included in the section on mental illness?
Section 7, 32 and 33: Antipsychotic, Antimanic, Antidepressant, and Antianxiety Drugs.
p.19
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What is the role of pharmacy?
The art and science of compounding and dispensing drugs or preparing suitable dosage forms for administration.
p.4
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What is KD Tripathi's professional title?
MD, Ex-Director-Professor and Head of Pharmacology.
p.6
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What is the unique synthesis that medical pharmacology represents?
A synthesis of basic pharmacology with clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics.
p.10
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What is the focus of antiarrhythmic drugs?
They are used to treat irregular heartbeats.
p.7
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What is one of the aims of the book regarding pharmacology for medical students?
To dispel awe towards pharmacology and provide concise, up-to-date information.
p.6
Pharmacotherapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine
What new feature has been included to aid therapeutic decision making?
'Problem directed study' at the end of most chapters.
p.9
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What drugs are covered under insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drugs?
Section 5, 19: Insulin, Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs and Glucagon.
p.17
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
What does TDM stand for?
Therapeutic drug monitoring.
p.9
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What are skeletal muscle relaxants classified under?
Section 6: Drugs Acting on Peripheral (Somatic) Nervous System.
What do Immunosuppressant Drugs do?
Suppress the immune system.
p.4
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
In which cities is Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers located?
New Delhi, London, Philadelphia, and Panama.
p.18
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What is pharmacology?
The science of drugs, dealing with the interaction of exogenously administered chemical molecules with living systems.
p.2
Pharmacotherapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine
What is evidence-based medicine?
The integration of clinical expertise with the best available research evidence.
p.8
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
What factors influence drug absorption?
Membrane transport mechanisms, solubility, and formulation of the drug.
p.17
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
What is STEMI?
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
p.6
Innovations in Drug Therapy
What types of drugs have been highlighted in recent innovations?
Antidiabetic drugs, psychopharmacological agents, and targeted anticancer drugs.
p.9
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
Which section discusses thyroid hormone and thyroid inhibitors?
Section 5, 18: Thyroid Hormone and Thyroid Inhibitors.
p.20
Drug Development and Regulation
What do drug compendia provide?
Compilations of information on drugs in the form of monographs.
p.16
Adverse Drug Effects and Toxicology
What is the meaning of SLE?
Systemic lupus erythematosus.
What are Chelating Agents used for?
To bind and remove heavy metals from the body.
p.6
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
What type of guidelines have been incorporated into the latest edition?
Latest therapeutic guidelines from authoritative sources like WHO and British National Formulary.
p.17
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What does STAT stand for?
Signal transducer and activator of transcription.
p.18
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
What is an example of a drug's mechanism of action?
Adrenaline interacting with adrenoceptors to stimulate cardiac activity.
p.15
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does NSAID stand for?
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.
p.8
Adverse Drug Effects and Toxicology
What are adverse drug effects?
Unintended and harmful reactions to a drug.
p.9
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What section covers drugs affecting calcium balance?
Section 5, 24: Drugs Affecting Calcium Balance.
p.16
Adverse Drug Effects and Toxicology
What is the full form of PTSD?
Post-traumatic stress disorder.
p.17
Adverse Drug Effects and Toxicology
What does XDR-TB refer to?
Extensively drug resistant-TB.
p.11
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What is the role of Anthelmintic Drugs?
To treat infections caused by helminths (worms).
What is the role of Vitamins in pharmacology?
Essential nutrients that support various bodily functions.
p.12
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does ACE stand for?
Angiotensin II converting enzyme.
p.2
Drug Development and Regulation
What role do clinical trials play in drug development?
They assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs before approval.
p.10
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What do antihypertensive drugs target?
They are used to lower blood pressure.
p.8
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What are the main routes of drug administration?
Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and topical.
p.20
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What is the Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (rINN)?
It is an agreement to use uniform non-proprietary names for newer drugs in all WHO member countries.
p.15
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does MHC stand for?
Major histocompatibility complex.
p.13
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
What does CHF stand for?
Congestive heart failure.
p.9
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What section covers opioid analgesics and antagonists?
Section 7, 34: Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists.
p.12
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
What is the meaning of AUC?
Area under the plasma concentration-time curve.
p.18
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
Who founded the first institute of pharmacology?
Rudolf Buchheim in 1847 in Germany.
p.6
Pharmacotherapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine
What is the primary objective of medical pharmacology as stated in the text?
To train medical students in therapeutic decision making according to specific clinical problems.
p.8
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
What is pharmacodynamics?
The study of the effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
p.20
Drug Development and Regulation
What is the legal status of pharmacopoeias?
Pharmacopoeias hold legal status and are considered official compendia in a country.
p.15
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does OCT represent?
Organic cation transporter.
p.14
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does FAD stand for?
Flavin adenine dinucleotide.
p.16
Pharmacotherapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine
What does SNRI stand for?
Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.
p.7
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
What types of visual aids are used in the book to enhance understanding?
Illustrations, tables, and flow charts.
p.18
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
What does pharmacokinetics refer to?
What the body does to the drug, including absorption, distribution, and excretion.
p.13
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
What is the meaning of cAMP?
3', 5' Cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
p.16
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
What does PCA stand for in medical terms?
Patient controlled anaesthesia.
p.20
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What is a common issue with older drugs regarding their names?
Many older drugs have more than one non-proprietary name, such as 'meperidine' and 'pethidine'.
p.11
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What are Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol classified as?
Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics.
p.17
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What does VLDL stand for?
Very low density lipoprotein.
p.14
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What does HIV stand for?
Human immunodeficiency virus.
p.19
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
What is chemotherapy?
The treatment of systemic infection/malignancy with specific drugs that have selective toxicity for the infecting organism/malignant cell.
What is the purpose of Antiseptics and Disinfectants?
To kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
p.8
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
What is pharmacokinetics?
The study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body.
p.9
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What are the drugs related to anterior pituitary hormones?
Section 5, 17b: Anterior Pituitary Hormones.
p.14
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What does ELAM-1 stand for?
Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1.
p.11
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What do Macrolide, Lincosamide, and Glycopeptide antibiotics have in common?
They are all types of antibacterial antibiotics.
p.8
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
Medications that reduce inflammation and relieve pain without steroids.
p.9
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
Which section discusses general anaesthetics?
Section 7, 27: General Anaesthetics.
p.11
Drug Development and Regulation
What are Drug Interactions?
Effects that occur when two or more drugs interact with each other.
p.12
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What does BCRP represent?
Breast cancer resistance protein.
p.9
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What section covers drugs for cough and bronchial asthma?
Section 4: Respiratory System Drugs.
p.13
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What does DMARD stand for?
Disease modifying antirheumatic drug.
p.20
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What is a potential drawback of using brand names for prescribing?
Brand names may differ in different countries, leading to confusion.
p.19
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
What does clinical pharmacology study?
The scientific study of drugs in humans, including pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
p.11
Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases
What are Anticancer Drugs used for?
To treat neoplastic diseases (cancer).
p.8
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What are cholinergic drugs?
Drugs that mimic the action of acetylcholine in the body.
p.17
Global Health Guidelines and Recommendations
What is the meaning of WHO?
World Health Organization.
p.19
Drug Nomenclature and Classification
What are the three categories of drug names?
Chemical name, non-proprietary name, and proprietary name.
p.19
Pharmacotherapeutics and Evidence-Based Medicine
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
The application of pharmacological information together with knowledge of the disease for its prevention, mitigation, or cure.
p.11
Specific Drug Classes and Their Mechanisms
What do Antiamoebic and Other Antiprotozoal Drugs treat?
Infections caused by amoebas and protozoa.
p.14
Overview of Medical Pharmacology
What is the full form of IPV?
Inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine.
