Intestines (via lymphatic lacteals).
Lower limbs and pelvic organs.
Plasma proteins and materials from tissue cells.
To take up excess fluid and return it to the cardiovascular system.
An excess of interstitial fluid that manifests as swelling.
Arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins.
The heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
It can lead to edema due to reverse osmosis causing more fluid to enter the ECS.
Fluid that flows inside the lymphatic system, including lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.
At least 3 liters.
To provide immune surveillance and defense against invading microorganisms.
Special lymphatic capillaries that absorb fat and lipid-soluble vitamins from the intestine.
Two hydrostatic pressures (capillary and tissue/interstitial) and two oncotic pressures (capillary and tissue/interstitial).
They contain a single layer of endothelial cells and are very porous due to fenestrations.
Fluid tends to move back into the capillary due to the interplay of oncotic and hydrostatic pressures.
The smallest structure in the venous system that receives fluid from the capillaries and delivers blood to the veins.
The pressure exerted by proteins inside the blood vessel, often referred to as 'pull' pressure.
The smallest structure in the arterial system that carries O2-rich blood to the capillaries.
Capillaries that are inserted between blood capillaries, allowing uptake of fluid circulating in the extracellular space.
The force of a fluid in a contained environment, often referred to as 'push' pressure.
Specialized lymphatic vessels in the intestinal epithelium that absorb nutrients from food.
Area where fluid, gas, and nutrient exchange occurs.
Net fluid has the tendency to move out of the capillary.
They allow one-way flow of lymph into the capillary and prevent backflow.
High pressure opens the valves, while low pressure closes them.
Lymph can only flow into another lymph node or directly into a lymphatic trunk.
To absorb excess fluid from the extracellular space.
Larger and thicker lymphatic vessels that include three pairs of trunks in the thoracic cavity.
Intestines → lymphatic vessels → lymph nodes → ductal system.
To filter lymph as it flows through multiple afferent vessels and exits one efferent vessel.
Larger, thicker-walled vessels with valves that allow unidirectional flow.
Specialized lymphatic vessels that absorb large molecules or chylomicrons.
Head and Neck.
Right Lymphatic Duct and Left Lymphatic Duct.
They include antibodies that fend off foreign substances entering the body.
B-lymphocytes that produce antibodies.
Lungs and mediastinum.
It is the enlarged starting portion of the intestinal trunk that pierces the diaphragm and enters the thoracic cavity.
Cortex, Paracortex, and Medulla.
Jugular trunk, Subclavian trunk, Bronchomediastinal trunk, Lumbar trunk, and Intestinal trunk.
Upper extremities and breast.
It contains phagocytes that engulf foreign material.
T-lymphocytes, which are also involved in antibody production.
Upper extremities, breast.
Head and Neck.
Lungs, mediastinum.
Lumbar trunks, intestinal trunk, bronchomediastinal trunk, subclavian trunk, and jugular trunk.
Tonsils (lingual, palatine, and pharyngeal), Intestinal ileum (Peyer’s patches), Appendix.
Discrete concentration of lymphocytes, a collection of lymphoid tissue with no outer covering/capsule.
Located in the thoracic cavity (anterior mediastinum), produces T-cells.
Fluid flowing through the lymphatic system, interstitial (tissue) fluid that enters the lymphatic vessels.
An accumulation of lymphatic tissue in MALT, distributed sparsely in the intestines and respiratory tracts.
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue.
Lower group of nodes (iliac, inguinal).
Thoracic viscera.
Nearly similar to lymphatic nodules but are much larger, with a present capsule. Includes lymph nodes, thymus, spleen.
Blinded terminal ends inserted within the blood capillaries.
Legs.
Lower limbs.
It collects lymph from the right side of the face, neck, thoracic cavity, and right upper extremities.
Pelvic region, abdominal viscera.
Located inside the abdominal cavity, related to the GI tract (left, lateral to stomach and splenic flexure of colon, anterior to kidney).
Lymphatic vessels are larger, thicker-walled, and have valves.
Lymphatic nodules are not encapsulated and include tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and the appendix, while lymphatic organs are encapsulated and larger, including lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen.
They filter lymph and contain antibodies that defend against foreign substances.
Cortex (B lymphocytes), paracortex (T lymphocytes), and medulla (phagocytes).
To reabsorb excess fluid not taken up by blood capillaries, approximately 3 liters.
Lymph enters via multiple afferent vessels and exits via a single efferent vessel.
