p.4
Binge Eating Disorder Characteristics
What is a key characteristic of binge eating disorder?
Frequent, recurrent episodes of binge eating, defined as a loss of control over eating.
p.9
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is the main requirement of a dietary approach to weight loss?
Total energy intake should be less than energy expenditure.
p.9
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What type of diets are recommended for sustainable weight loss?
Diets with a 600 kcal/day deficit or low-fat diets, combined with expert support and intensive follow-up.
p.5
Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Features
What distinguishes ARFID from other eating disorders?
The pattern of eating behavior is not motivated by preoccupation with body weight or shape.
p.9
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
When should very low calorie diets be considered?
As part of a multicomponent weight management strategy for people who are obese and have a clinically-assessed need to rapidly lose weight.
p.4
Binge Eating Disorder Characteristics
What is the relationship between binge eating disorder and body weight?
Individuals with binge eating disorder are more likely to be overweight or obese, but they can also be of normal or low weight.
p.6
Pica Definition and Symptoms
What may trigger variable consumption of non-nutritive substances in Pica?
Increased levels of stress or anxiety.
p.2
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
What genetic factors increase the risk of bulimia nervosa?
Having relatives with bulimia nervosa or a family history of depression or alcohol misuse.
p.4
Binge Eating Disorder Characteristics
What emotional responses are commonly associated with binge eating episodes?
Negative emotions such as guilt, disgust, or shame.
p.2
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What are some physical sequelae of bulimia nervosa?
Dental erosion, parotid gland enlargement, oesophagitis, and pancreatitis.
p.2
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
How does the prevalence of bulimia nervosa compare to anorexia nervosa?
Bulimia nervosa is more common than anorexia nervosa.
p.4
Binge Eating Disorder Characteristics
How often must binge eating episodes occur to meet the ICD-11 criteria?
At least once a week over a period of three months.
p.2
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is a common psychological treatment for bulimia nervosa?
Cognitive behavioural therapy.
p.5
Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Features
What psychological factors may influence food intake in individuals with ARFID?
Emotional or psychological factors can significantly affect food intake, leading to high levels of distractibility or emotional arousal.
p.3
Gender Differences in Eating Disorders
How does the frequency of bulimia nervosa compare to anorexia nervosa?
Bulimia nervosa is more common than anorexia nervosa.
p.1
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
How often must binge eating episodes occur to meet the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa?
At least once a week over a period of at least one month.
p.9
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
When should pharmacological treatment be considered?
Only after dietary, exercise, and behavioral approaches have been started and evaluated.
p.4
Binge Eating Disorder Characteristics
What is a common feature of individuals seeking treatment for binge eating disorder?
They are typically older in age compared to those seeking treatment for other eating disorders.
p.1
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
Can individuals with bulimia nervosa be of normal weight?
Yes, individuals may be of normal weight or even low weight.
p.6
Pica Definition and Symptoms
When can females be diagnosed with Pica?
During pregnancy and the postpartum period, if consumption is persistent or dangerous.
p.6
Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder Overview
How often must regurgitation occur to meet the criteria for Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder?
At least several times per week.
p.7
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
What role does genetics play in obesity?
If parents are overweight or obese, it is likely to run in the family.
p.6
Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder Overview
Are there known differences in clinical features of Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder across genders?
No, there are no known differences.
p.9
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
How much physical activity should adults aim for each week?
At least 30 minutes of moderate or greater intensity physical activity on 5 or more days a week.
p.2
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
Which socio-economic group is more affected by bulimia nervosa?
Higher socio-economic groups (I and II) are more affected than lower groups (IV and V).
p.1
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
What is a key characteristic of bulimia nervosa?
Frequent, recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting.
p.8
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
What types of medications may cause weight gain or changes in body composition?
Atypical antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, steroids, insulin, sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and some hormonal contraceptives.
p.5
Pica Definition and Symptoms
At what age do individuals typically learn to distinguish between edible and non-edible substances?
Approximately two years of age.
p.3
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What should be done towards the end of treatment for bulimia nervosa?
Spread appointments further apart and focus on maintaining positive changes and minimizing the risk of relapse.
p.8
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is Liraglutide used for?
A self-injectable medication that aids weight loss in combination with exercise and healthy eating.
p.10
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is a requirement for a person undergoing bariatric surgery?
The person must commit to long-term follow-up.
p.10
Kleine Levin Syndrome Symptoms
What are the main features of Kleine Levin Syndrome?
Hyperphagia, hypersomnolence, and hypersexuality.
p.6
Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder Overview
What behaviors may individuals with Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder engage in to induce regurgitation?
Contracting the tongue or abdominal muscles or coughing.
p.7
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
What is the role of ghrelin in obesity?
Ghrelin increases hunger and is linked to low levels in obesity.
p.9
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What are some strategies included in behavioral interventions for adults?
Self-monitoring, stimulus control, goal setting, slowing rate of eating, ensuring social support, problem solving, assertiveness, cognitive restructuring, reinforcement of changes, relapse prevention, and strategies for dealing with weight regain.
p.9
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is the recommended daily physical activity to prevent obesity?
45-60 minutes of moderate-intensity activity a day.
p.3
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
What is a common weight characteristic of individuals with bulimia nervosa?
They may be of normal weight or even low weight, but not sufficiently low to meet the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa.
p.9
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What should be discussed before starting drug treatments for weight loss?
Potential benefits and limitations, mode of action, adverse effects, monitoring requirements, and the potential impact on motivation.
p.3
Gender Differences in Eating Disorders
What is the typical gender distribution for both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
Both disorders are more common in females than in males.
p.8
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What are some surgical options for weight loss?
Gastric band, gastric balloon, gastric sleeve, gastric bypass, and mini gastric bypass.
p.8
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What factors should be considered when choosing treatments for obesity?
Individual preference, social circumstances, previous treatment outcomes, risk level based on BMI, and comorbidities.
p.10
Kleine Levin Syndrome Symptoms
What happens to individuals with Kleine Levin Syndrome if prevented from sleeping?
They may exhibit irritability and aggression.
p.7
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
What are the characteristics of Bardet-Biedl syndrome?
Rod-cone dystrophy, truncal obesity, polydactyly, cognitive impairment, and renal abnormalities.
p.2
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
What is the peak onset age for bulimia nervosa?
Late adolescence or early 20s.
p.5
Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Features
What is a key characteristic of Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)?
Avoidance or restriction of food intake resulting in significant weight loss or nutritional deficiencies.
p.3
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What should the first phase of individual CBT-ED focus on?
Engagement and education, establishing a pattern of regular eating, and providing encouragement, advice, and support.
p.9
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What should be ensured when using a very low calorie diet?
The diet must be nutritionally complete, followed for a maximum of 12 weeks, and the person should receive ongoing clinical support.
p.2
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What role do support groups play in the management of bulimia nervosa?
They provide support for individuals affected by eating disorders.
p.1
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
What emotional states are often associated with binge eating episodes?
Guilt, disgust, or shame.
p.5
Pica Definition and Symptoms
What is a common symptom of Pica in children?
Nausea and declining school performance due to the ingestion of non-nutritive substances.
p.1
Gender Differences in Eating Disorders
How does bulimia nervosa differ in prevalence between genders?
It is more common in females than males.
p.8
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is important to document in weight management discussions?
The agreed goals and actions, ensuring both the healthcare provider and the patient have a copy.
p.7
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
What is the effect of the FTO gene on obesity risk?
Individuals with two copies of the FTO gene weigh 3-4 kg more and have a 1.67 fold greater risk of obesity.
p.7
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
How does childhood obesity affect future weight?
Overweight children are at a greater risk of being obese later in life due to increased fat cells.
p.3
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is the prognosis for bulimia nervosa compared to anorexia nervosa?
Bulimia nervosa has a better prognosis than anorexia nervosa.
p.2
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
What psychological factors are associated with bulimia nervosa?
Low self-esteem, history of abuse, perfectionist traits, and a tendency to over-achieve.
p.4
Binge Eating Disorder Characteristics
What is the typical onset age for binge eating disorder?
Adolescence or young adulthood, but it can begin in later adulthood as well.
p.8
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is the recommended management setting for severe obesity?
An appropriate setting by staff trained in the management of obesity.
p.6
Pica Definition and Symptoms
What are the two forms of Pica?
Episodic and variable, or chronic and continuous.
p.10
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
What is the BMI criterion for considering bariatric surgery?
A BMI of 40 kg/m² or more, or between 35 kg/m² and 40 kg/m² with significant disease.
p.7
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
What socio-economic groups are more likely to experience obesity?
Lower socio-economic groups (IV and V) are more affected than higher groups (I and II).
p.6
Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder Overview
What distinguishes Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder from other medical conditions?
It is not a manifestation of another medical condition causing regurgitation or nausea.
p.10
Kluver Bucy Syndrome Features
What behavior is associated with hyperorality in Kluver Bucy Syndrome?
A tendency to examine objects by mouth.
p.3
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is the recommended duration for individual CBT-ED for adults with bulimia nervosa?
Typically up to 20 sessions over 20 weeks.
p.4
Binge Eating Disorder Characteristics
What distinguishes binge eating disorder from bulimia nervosa?
Individuals with binge eating disorder do not engage in purging, fasting, or strenuous exercise after binge eating.
p.5
Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Features
What are some reasons individuals with ARFID may restrict food intake?
Lack of interest in eating, avoidance of certain sensory characteristics of food, or concern about aversive consequences like choking.
p.5
Pica Definition and Symptoms
What is Pica?
A disorder characterized by the regular consumption of non-nutritive substances, such as soil or paint chips.
p.3
Gender Differences in Eating Disorders
What is the difference in body image disturbance between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
Body image disturbance is more frequent in anorexia nervosa than in bulimia nervosa.
p.1
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
What are common inappropriate compensatory behaviors in bulimia nervosa?
Self-induced vomiting, fasting, using diuretics, laxatives, or excessive exercise.
p.5
Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Features
What impact can ARFID have on family functioning?
Mealtimes may be associated with increased distress, affecting family dynamics.
p.4
Gender Differences in Eating Disorders
Is binge eating disorder more common in males or females?
It is more common in females.
p.6
Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder Overview
What is a key feature of Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder?
Intentional and repeated regurgitation of previously swallowed food.
p.10
Kluver Bucy Syndrome Features
What is a key feature of Kluver Bucy Syndrome?
Temporal lobe damage resulting in hyperphagia, hyperorality, and hypersexuality.
p.7
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
What illnesses can feature obesity?
Hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, Cushing’s syndrome, and binge eating disorder.
p.5
Pica Definition and Symptoms
What are the essential features of Pica?
Regular consumption of non-nutritive substances that is persistent or severe enough to require clinical attention.
p.4
Binge Eating Disorder Characteristics
What are the two types of binge eating episodes?
Objective binge eating (eating more than most people) and subjective binge eating (eating amounts considered normal but felt large by the individual).
p.6
Pica Definition and Symptoms
Is the prevalence of Pica different between males and females?
No, it is similar among both genders.
p.7
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
Which gender is more affected by obesity?
Females are more affected than males.
p.7
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
What is a primary cause of obesity?
Over-eating: consuming more calories than are being used.
p.10
Kleine Levin Syndrome Symptoms
What is a common occurrence during episodes of Kleine Levin Syndrome?
Interruption of normal daily activities.
p.1
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
What is the definition of binge eating in bulimia nervosa?
A discrete period of time during which the individual experiences a loss of control over their eating behavior.
p.8
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What are some components of a weight loss program?
Diet, exercise, and structured programs like Weight Watchers or Slimming World.
p.4
Binge Eating Disorder Characteristics
What is the remission rate of binge eating disorder compared to other eating disorders?
Binge eating disorder has a higher rate of remission than other feeding or eating disorders.
p.1
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
What factors increase the likelihood of developing bulimia nervosa?
Stressful life events or a history of anorexia nervosa.
p.1
Gender Differences in Eating Disorders
What compensatory behaviors are males more likely to use in bulimia nervosa?
Excessive exercise or steroids, rather than purging behaviors.
p.8
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
What should be provided to individuals regarding obesity?
Information on health risks, realistic weight loss targets, maintenance skills, and available treatments.
p.6
Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder Overview
How does Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder relate to individuals with intellectual development disorders?
It is slightly more prevalent among them and may serve a self-soothing function.
p.3
Gender Differences in Eating Disorders
What is the relationship between personal history of substance misuse and bulimia nervosa?
A personal history of alcohol or illicit substance misuse is more common in individuals with bulimia nervosa.
p.8
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is Orlistat and how does it work?
A lipase inhibitor taken before or after meals that prevents fat absorption in the bloodstream.
p.3
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnosis Criteria
What is the significance of amenorrhea in bulimia nervosa?
Amenorrhea occurs in less than 50% of females with bulimia nervosa, and many have irregular periods.
p.8
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What should weight management programs include?
Behavior change strategies to increase physical activity, improve eating behavior, and reduce energy intake.
p.6
Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder Overview
What emotional responses do individuals with Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder often experience?
Shame and embarrassment about the behavior.
p.10
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What must be tried before considering bariatric surgery?
All appropriate non-surgical measures.
p.10
Management Strategies for Eating Disorders
What is Orlistat used for in relation to bariatric surgery?
To maintain or reduce weight before surgery if waiting time is excessive.
p.7
Obesity Epidemiology and Aetiology
How does lack of physical activity contribute to obesity?
It contributes to weight gain and obesity.
