The Law of Energy Conversion states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
Voltage is represented by the letter V and its unit is volt.
Electrical energy is generated through various methods such as electromagnetic induction, chemical reactions in batteries, and solar energy conversion.
According to Ohm's Law, I = V/R.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
The unit is watt-second.
Ohm's Law cannot be applied to unilateral networks and non-linear elements.
Potential difference, or voltage, is the work required to move a unit positive charge from one point to another in the circuit.
In a parallel connection, the voltage V is the same throughout the circuit, and the current I is divided between the resistors.
In direct current, there is no change in the direction or amperage of the current, while alternating current changes direction periodically.
Ohm's Law states that the voltage (V) across a conductor is directly proportional to the current (I) flowing through it, given by the formula V = I × R, where R is the resistance.
Alternating current (AC) is an electric current that periodically reverses direction, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction.
In Ohm's Law, the relationship is expressed as V/I = R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
Electrical energy.
As temperature increases, resistance also increases.
Resistance varies according to the types of material, such as conductor, semi-conductor, and insulator.
Work = force * distance.
Energy = power * time.
Electromotive Force (EMF) is the energy supplied by a battery to do work, necessary for the flow of electric charge through a conductor.
The unit of Electromotive Force (EMF) is volt, represented by the letter E.
Resistance is the property of a material that opposes the flow of electrons in a circuit.
Examples of non-linear elements include thyristors and electric arcs.
The formula is Q = I * t, where Q is charge in coulombs, I is current in amperes, and t is time in seconds.
A three-phase connection requires one neutral wire and three phase wires.
Power = work / time.
Electrical energy is generated through various methods such as electromagnetic induction, chemical reactions in batteries, and solar energy conversion.
V/R = V/R1 + V/R2 + V/R3
Electric current is the movement of free electrons from one atom to another when they experience an external force.
Water turbine
Non-linear elements are those that do not have current exactly proportional to the applied voltage, meaning their resistance value changes for different values of voltage and current.
A three-phase connection is more efficient compared to a single-phase connection.
No, according to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed.
The capacitor begins to charge, storing electrical energy in the electric field between its plates.
Potential energy
Ohm's Law states that when temperature remains constant, the voltage (V) applied across a conductor and the current (I) passing through it remains constant, leading to the ratio V/I = R, where R is resistance.
Direct current is used in many household electronics and in all devices that use batteries.
A capacitor is an electronic component that stores electrostatic energy in an electric field, while a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
A capacitor consists of two electrical conductors separated by a distance, with the space between them filled by vacuum or an insulating material known as a dielectric.
Because it can deliver the same power with less conductor material for the same circuit.
A single-phase connection uses one conductor, while a three-phase connection uses three separate conductors.
A three-phase connection transmits maximum power compared to a single-phase power supply.
The different types of inductors include air core inductors, iron core inductors, ferrite core inductors, and variable inductors.
Potential energy
Mechanical energy.
AC is commonly used in household power supply and electrical grids.
Energy conversion, also termed energy transformation, is the process of changing one form of energy into another.
Typical sources of DC include batteries and solar panels.
The total resistance increases when resistors are connected in series.
The total resistance increases as more components are added in series.
By taking current I common from both sides, R = R1 + R2 + R3.
Voltage is defined as work or energy divided by charge, expressed as Voltage = W/Q.
Direct current (DC) is an electric current that is uni-directional, meaning the flow of charge is always in the same direction without any change in magnitude.
Unilateral networks have unilateral elements like diodes and transistors, which do not have the same voltage-current relation for both directions of current.
The force required to move electrons from one point to another in a conductor is called Electromotive Force (EMF).
Resistance is denoted by the letter R.
EMF is generated by sources such as batteries or generators when they convert other forms of energy into electrical energy.
AC can be easily transformed to different voltage levels, making it more efficient for long-distance transmission.
The total resistance decreases when resistors are connected in parallel.
When a force of 1 Newton moves a body through a distance of 1 meter in the direction of the force, 1 joule of work is done.
Capacitors are manufactured in many forms, styles, lengths, girths, and materials.
The unit of power is watt.
The Law of Energy Conversion states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
According to Ohm's Law, as the current (I) increases, the voltage (V) also increases linearly, assuming resistance (R) remains constant.
The other phases still work, resulting in no power interruption.
In a series circuit, the voltage is divided among the components.
Potential difference measures the work done to move a unit charge from one point to another in an electric field.
The total amount of energy doesn’t change during energy transfer or transformation, as stated by the Law of Conservation of Energy.
Adding more resistors in series increases the total resistance and reduces the current.
A three-phase connection can carry a voltage of up to 415 Volts.
The current I is the same throughout the circuit.
The voltage V is divided between the resistors.
A single-phase connection consists of two wires, making a simple network, while a three-phase connection has four wires, making it more complicated.
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
Heat energy.
AC (Alternating Current) changes direction periodically, while DC (Direct Current) flows in one direction only.
Free electrons are those that have less than 4 electrons in the outer orbit of an atomic structure and have a tendency to move when an external force is applied.
EMF (Electromotive Force) is the voltage generated by a source when no current flows, while potential difference is the voltage across a component when current is flowing.
Inductors are typically coil-like structures made of insulated wire looped around a central core.
In a parallel circuit, the total resistance can be calculated using the formula 1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...
In AC, the voltage varies sinusoidally over time, while in DC, the voltage remains constant.
Chemical energy from coal, oil, or gas.
The main factors affecting electrical resistance are the material of the conductor, its length, cross-sectional area, and temperature.
In alternating current, the magnitude and direction of current change continuously.
The unit of resistance is ohm (Ω).
For most conductors, resistance increases with temperature due to increased atomic vibrations that impede electron flow.
Yes, EMF can exist without current flowing, as it is the maximum potential difference when the circuit is open.
Power is the rate of doing work.
The total current I in a parallel circuit is calculated as I = I1 + I2 + I3...
Resistance of material increases as length increases.
The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length; as the length increases, resistance also increases.
According to Ohm's Law, if the voltage V = 1 Volt and the current I = 1 Amp, then the resistance R = 1 ohm.
The resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area; a larger area results in lower resistance.
Ohm's Law can be used to find the value of current, voltage, or resistance in an electrical circuit.
Resistance is calculated using the formula R = V/I.
The SI unit of inductance is henry (H), which is equivalent to weber/ampere when measuring magnetic circuits.
A single-phase power supply can reach up to 230 Volts.
The total resistance decreases when more components are added in parallel.
1 Nm is a mechanical unit of work, which is equal to 1 Joule.
Electrical work = W = V * I * t joule.
An inductor is a passive component used in electronic devices to store energy in the form of magnetic energy and to decrease or control electric spikes by temporarily storing energy in an electromagnetic field.
The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of all individual resistances.
When the current across the inductor changes, it either acquires charge or loses charge to equalize the current passing through it.
An inductor is also called a choke, reactor, or just coil.
Yes, potential difference is affected by resistance, as it is the result of current flowing through a resistance in a circuit.
If one component fails in a series circuit, the entire circuit is interrupted.
Adding more resistors in parallel decreases the total resistance and increases the current.
The complete power supply gets interrupted.
Resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area; as area increases, resistance decreases, and vice versa.
Electrical energy
The graph of electric current varying sinusoidally shows that the value of current increases from zero, reaches a maximum, decreases to zero, then increases in the reverse direction, becomes maximum in that direction, and returns to zero, repeating the cycle.
Potential energy → Kinetic energy → Mechanical energy → Electrical energy
Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store charges in the form of an electric charge.
Some forms of energy include thermal energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy, electromagnetic energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy, and sound energy.
Capacitors store energy by holding apart pairs of opposite charges.
Resistance depends on the length of the material, cross-sectional area, temperature, and type of material.
The simplest design for a capacitor is a parallel plate capacitor, which consists of two metal plates with a gap between them.
If V = 1 volt, I = 1 ampere, and t = 1 second, then work is 1 joule.
V = IR.
IR = IR1 + IR2 + IR3.
Electric current is represented by the letter I and is measured in amperes.
In a parallel circuit, the current is divided among the branches.
Different materials have different resistivities; materials like copper have low resistance, while materials like rubber have high resistance.
A single-phase connection requires two wires: one neutral wire and one phase wire.
In a parallel circuit, if one component fails, the other branches can still function.
Total voltage V = V1 + V2 + V3 + ...
