What is the etiologic cause of tinea versicolor?
Malassezia furfur.
What is the 'Circle of Hebra' associated with?
Imaginary circle intersecting sites of involvement in scabies.
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Tinea Infections

What is the etiologic cause of tinea versicolor?

Malassezia furfur.

p.1
Scabies and Insect Bites

What is the 'Circle of Hebra' associated with?

Imaginary circle intersecting sites of involvement in scabies.

p.5
Eczematous Dermatitis

What does spongiosis refer to?

Epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in the intracellular space.

p.5
Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What are the characteristics of Molluscum contagiosum?

Fleshy papules with central umbilication, smooth surfaced, firm, dome-shaped.

p.3
Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Diseases

What is inverse psoriasis?

Psoriasis involving the folds, recesses, and flexor areas such as axillae and groin.

p.5
Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Diseases

What is the Koebner phenomenon?

A condition where traumatized areas tend to develop new lesions.

p.4
Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What are the symptoms of Steven Johnson's Syndrome?

Blisters, epidermal detachment, target lesions, and dusky purpuric macules with mucosal involvement.

p.4
Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What is the most common pattern of drug-induced reaction?

Morbilliform or maculopapular rash.

p.1
Scabies and Insect Bites

What are the characteristics of scabies lesions?

Erythematous macules and papules, more pruritic at night, located in specific areas like groin and axilla.

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Eczematous Dermatitis

What is the most common location for seborrheic dermatitis?

Scalp, presenting as dandruff.

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Eczematous Dermatitis

What is hyperkeratosis?

Increased thickness of the stratum corneum.

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Cellulitis and Erysipelas

What are the characteristics of erythematous non-scaly plaques?

Dark-red to purple skin discoloration, dusky with poorly defined borders, deeper tissue necrotizing involvement, and pain disproportionate to physical findings.

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Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What histological features are associated with Henderson-Paterson molluscum contagiosum bodies?

Numerous small eosinophilic and basophilic inclusion bodies.

p.3
Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Diseases

What triggers guttate psoriasis?

Abrupt eruption of psoriasis lesions following acute infection such as streptococcal pharyngitis.

p.5
Topical Corticosteroids and Their Potency

What is the potency classification of Clobetasol propionate?

Class 1 - Superpotent.

p.4
Vesiculobullous Diseases

What does Hutchinson's sign indicate?

Vesicles on the side and tip of the nose indicative of ophthalmic zoster.

p.2
Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Diseases

What is the characteristic skin test result for tuberculoid leprosy?

(+) Lepromin skin test.

p.2
Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What is the most common site of involvement for irritant contact dermatitis?

Hands.

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Tinea Infections

What is the most common fungal disease?

Tinea pedis.

p.4
Vesiculobullous Diseases

What characterizes Herpes zoster?

Erythema, papules, and plaques initially, followed by vesicles and blisters in a dermatomal distribution.

p.4
Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What is Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)?

Involvement of >30% of body surface area with severe epidermal necrosis.

p.1
Acne Vulgaris and Comedones

What must be ruled out before initiating isotretinoin therapy?

Pregnancy, as isotretinoin is teratogenic.

p.1
Furuncles and Carbuncles

What characterizes a furuncle?

An acute, round, tender, circumscribed, perifollicular erythematous lesion that ends in central suppuration.

p.5
Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What are the symptoms of a Candida infection?

Erythematous macules and papules, macerated skin areas, satellite lesions, and friable patches on mucosal surfaces.

p.5
Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Diseases

What are the characteristics of lichen planus?

Violaceous flat-topped papules and plaques with gray lines (Wickham's striae).

p.3
Eczematous Dermatitis

What are the characteristics of pityriasis rosea?

Salmon colored macules and papules, collarette of scaling, and a herald patch.

p.4
Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What drugs are commonly associated with SJS-TEN?

Sulfa drugs, anticonvulsants, nevirapine, allopurinol, lamotrigine, and oxicam NSAIDs.

p.2
Cellulitis and Erysipelas

What is a common portal of entry for cellulitis?

Tinea pedis.

p.3
Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Diseases

What are the characteristic lesions of psoriasis?

Erythematous papules and plaques covered with silvery scales.

p.4
Sexually-Transmitted Infections

What is Condylomata lata?

Painless genital ulcer with papular lesions located on folds of moist skin, usually around genitals and anus, may form soft red mushroom-like masses.

p.4
Vesiculobullous Diseases

What is Bullous pemphigoid?

Large tense blisters on flexor surfaces, groin, axillae, and trunk, associated with anti-hemidesmosome antibodies.

p.1
Scabies and Insect Bites

What is the etiologic organism of scabies?

Sarcoptes scabiei.

p.2
Eczematous Dermatitis

What organism is implicated in seborrheic dermatitis?

Pityrosporum ovale, a lipophilic yeast of the Malassezia genus.

p.4
Sexually-Transmitted Infections

What are the characteristics of secondary syphilis?

Symmetrical, generalized, maculopapular eruptions, usually over the face, shoulders, flanks, and palms and soles with scaling.

p.4
Vesiculobullous Diseases

What is the most common complication of varicella?

Secondary bacterial infection.

p.1
Furuncles and Carbuncles

What does a carbuncle refer to?

Two or more confluent furuncles.

p.2
Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What is the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis?

Exposure to plants.

p.4
Vesiculobullous Diseases

What does 'dew drop on a rose petal' refer to?

A description of varicella lesions starting with macules progressing to vesicles and pustules.

p.4
Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What does Nikolsky's sign indicate?

Separation of the epidermis upon manual pressure, found in conditions like SJS, TEN, and pemphigus vulgaris.

p.2
Cellulitis and Erysipelas

What are the symptoms of erysipelas?

Erythematous plaque, heat, swelling, raised indurated border, fever, and systemic symptoms.

p.5
Drug-Induced Skin Reactions

What does the Sign of Leser Trelat indicate?

Sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses suggestive of visceral and hematologic malignancy.

p.5
Eczematous Dermatitis

What is acantholysis?

Loss of cohesion between epidermal cells.

p.3
Tinea Infections

What is the classical microscopic finding in tinea versicolor?

Short thick fungal hyphae and large numbers of variously sized spores, described as 'spaghetti and meatballs'.

p.1
Eczematous Dermatitis

What is miliaria rubra commonly known as?

Prickly heat.

p.3
Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Diseases

What is the Auspitz sign in psoriasis?

Pinpoint bleeding spots from exposure of dermal papillae when scales are scraped off.

p.4
Sexually-Transmitted Infections

What is the most frequent manifestation of orolabial herpes?

Fever blister or cold sore.

p.3
Tinea Infections

What are the characteristics of tinea versicolor?

Multiple scaly hyper- or hypo-pigmented macules over the chest, back, abdomen, and proximal extremities.

p.1
Scabies and Insect Bites

What are the symptoms of pediculosis capitis?

Intense pruritus of the scalp, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and excoriations.

p.2
Eczematous Dermatitis

What are Dennie-Morgan folds?

Linear transverse folds below the edge of the lower eyelids.

p.3
Tinea Infections

What are the characteristics of tinea?

Circular, sharply circumscribed, slightly erythematous dry scaly hypopigmented patches with advancing scaly border and central clearing.

p.5
Topical Corticosteroids and Their Potency

What is the potency classification of Desonide?

Class 6 - Low Potency.

p.2
Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Diseases

What are the symptoms of lepromatous leprosy?

Macules, papules, plaques, nodules, enlarged and tender nerves, progressive hair loss, and high AFB bacterial counts.

p.3
Psoriasis and Papulosquamous Diseases

What are the major histopathologic findings in psoriasis?

Appearance of rete pegs, Munro microabscesses, and spongiform pustule of Kogoj.

p.3
Tinea Infections

What causes the majority of tinea pedis cases?

Trichophyton rubrum.

p.4
Vesiculobullous Diseases

What is Pemphigus vulgaris characterized by?

Suprabasal blisters with anti-desmosome antibodies and a lace-like immunofluorescence pattern.

p.1
Acne Vulgaris and Comedones

What are the hallmark lesions of acne vulgaris?

Closed comedones (whiteheads) and open comedones (blackheads).

p.1
Furuncles and Carbuncles

What is the most common causative agent of folliculitis?

Staphylococcus aureus.

p.5
Eczematous Dermatitis

What is parakeratosis?

Hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum.

p.3
Tinea Infections

What is onychomycosis?

Infection of the nail plate.

p.5
Topical Corticosteroids and Their Potency

What is an example of a Class 2 topical corticosteroid?

Fluocinonide gel, ointment, cream, and solution 0.05%.

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