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What are the primary actions of the Levator Scapulae?
Elevates and downwardly rotates the shoulder; extends and laterally flexes the neck.
What are the inferior costal facets also referred to as?
Demifacets.
1/92
p.17
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What are the primary actions of the Levator Scapulae?

Elevates and downwardly rotates the shoulder; extends and laterally flexes the neck.

p.4
Thoracic Vertebrae Characteristics

What are the inferior costal facets also referred to as?

Demifacets.

p.7
Ilium Landmarks

What is the posterior inferior iliac spine?

Another bony landmark on the ilium.

p.13
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Where do the middle fibers of the trapezius attach distally?

Acromion of scapula and spine of scapula (lateral end).

p.12
Scapula Landmarks

What are the proximal attachments of the superior fibers of the trapezius?

External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7.

p.13
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which nerves innervate the middle fibers of the trapezius?

Accessory nerve and anterior rami of C3/C4.

p.8
Rib Anatomy

What is the function of the tubercle on the rib?

It has an articular surface for articulation with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae.

p.16
Scapula Landmarks

Where does the Rhomboid Minor attach distally?

Medial border of the scapula (adjacent to the spine).

p.16
Scapula Landmarks

Where does the Rhomboid Major attach distally?

Medial border of the scapula (inferior to the spine).

p.6
Sacral Anatomy

What are the three types of crests found on the sacrum?

Medial, intermediate, and lateral crest.

p.6
Sacral Anatomy

What is the prominent ridge on the sacrum known as?

Sacral promontory.

p.11
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What are the primary muscles responsible for neck extension?

The splenius capitis and splenius cervicis.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What is the part of the vertebra that connects the vertebral body to the transverse process?

Pedicle.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What is the region between the superior and inferior articular processes?

Pars interarticularis.

p.3
Vertebral Joints

What type of joint is formed between the vertebral arches?

Zygapophysial.

p.15
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What actions does the Latissimus Dorsi perform?

Adducts, medially rotates, and extends the arm; scapular depression and retraction.

p.9
Scapula Landmarks

Where is the superior angle located on the scapula?

At the top of the scapula.

p.8
Rib Anatomy

What is the angle of the rib?

The point where the rib begins to reflect anteriorly.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What are the lateral bony projections of a vertebra called?

Transverse process.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What are the surfaces on the vertebra that articulate with adjacent vertebrae?

Superior/inferior articular facets.

p.7
Ilium Landmarks

What is the articular surface of the ilium?

The area that connects with the sacrum.

p.14
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which nerves innervate the inferior fibers of the trapezius?

Accessory nerve and anterior rami of C3/C4.

p.16
Scapula Landmarks

What is the proximal attachment of the Rhomboid Minor?

Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 to T1.

p.18
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What is the primary action of the Serratus Posterior Superior?

Proprioception and slight elevation of the ribs.

p.6
Sacral Anatomy

What surface of the sacrum is involved in forming the sacroiliac joint?

Auricular surface.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What are the bony projections that support the articular facets?

Superior/inferior articular processes.

p.1
Vertebral Anatomy

Who presented Dissection 1?

Sarah Jaffri, Bobby Horsmon, Aruna Ganesan, and John Casey.

p.7
Ilium Landmarks

What is the iliac crest?

The upper curved edge of the ilium.

p.7
Ilium Landmarks

What is the tuberosity on the ilium?

A roughened area for muscle attachment.

p.12
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What actions are performed by the superior fibers of the trapezius?

Elevates, retracts, and upwardly rotates the shoulder; extends and laterally flexes the head/neck.

p.6
Sacral Anatomy

What is the term for the horn-like projections on the sacrum?

Cornua.

p.11
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which muscle is known as the primary mover for shoulder elevation?

The trapezius.

p.11
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What is the function of the erector spinae group?

To extend and laterally flex the vertebral column.

p.4
Thoracic Vertebrae Characteristics

What are the superior costal facets also known as?

Demifacets.

p.13
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What is the proximal attachment of the middle fibers of the trapezius?

Spinous processes of C7 to T4.

p.16
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which nerve innervates the Rhomboid muscles?

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5).

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What is the main structural component of a vertebra?

Vertebral body.

p.11
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which muscle is primarily responsible for neck flexion?

The sternocleidomastoid.

p.15
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Where does the Latissimus Dorsi attach distally?

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.

p.15
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which nerve innervates the Latissimus Dorsi?

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8).

p.10
Fascia Types

Where is superficial fascia located?

Right under the skin.

p.18
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What is the proximal attachment of the Serratus Posterior Superior?

Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 to T3.

p.6
Sacral Anatomy

What are the openings on the anterior and posterior sides of the sacrum called?

Anterior and posterior foramen.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What is the bony projection that extends posteriorly from a vertebra?

Spinous process.

p.11
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What role do the rhomboid muscles play?

They retract the scapula.

p.15
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What is the proximal attachment of the Latissimus Dorsi?

Spinous processes of T7 to L5, ribs 9 to 12, and iliac crest.

p.19
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What is the primary action of the Serratus Posterior Inferior?

Proprioception and slight depression of the ribs.

p.9
Scapula Landmarks

What is the spine of the scapula?

A prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula.

p.6
Sacral Anatomy

What is the name of the opening at the end of the sacral canal?

Hiatus.

p.11
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which muscle is involved in the movement of the scapula and is also a neck muscle?

The trapezius.

p.7
Ilium Landmarks

What is the posterior superior iliac spine?

A bony landmark on the ilium.

p.19
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What is the distal attachment of the Serratus Posterior Inferior?

Ribs 9 to 12.

p.8
Rib Anatomy

What is the most medial bony landmark of the ribs?

The head.

p.8
Rib Anatomy

What is located next to the head of the rib?

The neck.

p.16
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What actions do the Rhomboid muscles perform?

Elevate, retract, and downwardly rotate the shoulder.

p.6
Sacral Anatomy

What is the canal that runs through the sacrum called?

Sacral canal.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What is the flat part of the vertebra that connects the spinous process to the transverse processes?

Lamina.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What structure acts as a cushion between adjacent vertebrae?

Intervertebral disc.

p.3
Vertebral Joints

What type of joint is formed between the vertebral bodies?

Symphyses.

p.14
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What is the proximal attachment of the inferior fibers of the trapezius?

Spinous processes of T5 to T12.

p.14
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What actions are performed by the inferior fibers of the trapezius?

Depresses, retracts, and upwardly rotates the shoulder.

p.9
Scapula Landmarks

What is the inferior angle of the scapula?

The lowest point of the scapula.

p.10
Fascia Types

What type of tissue is deep fascia made of?

Dense connective tissue, the same as tendon.

p.6
Sacral Anatomy

What is the topmost part of the sacrum called?

Base.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What is the term for the notches located on the inferior aspect of a vertebra?

Inferior vertebral notch.

p.5
Lumbar Vertebrae Characteristics

What is a characteristic feature of lumbar vertebrae?

Mamillary process.

p.17
Scapula Landmarks

Where is the inferior attachment of the Levator Scapulae located?

Medial aspect of the scapula (superior to the spine).

p.17
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which nerves innervate the Levator Scapulae?

Anterior rami of C3 and C4, and the dorsal scapular nerve (C5).

p.12
Scapula Landmarks

Where do the superior fibers of the trapezius attach distally?

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion of scapula.

p.12
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which nerves innervate the superior fibers of the trapezius?

Accessory nerve and anterior rami of C3/C4.

p.16
Scapula Landmarks

What is the proximal attachment of the Rhomboid Major?

Spinous processes of T2 to T5.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What is the opening in a vertebra that allows for the passage of the spinal cord?

Vertebral foramen.

p.4
Thoracic Vertebrae Characteristics

What type of facets are found on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae?

Transverse facets.

p.14
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Where do the inferior fibers of the trapezius attach distally?

Spine of the scapula (medial end).

p.8
Rib Anatomy

With which structures does the head of the rib articulate?

The superior/inferior costal facets of thoracic vertebrae.

p.6
Sacral Anatomy

What is the lowest point of the sacrum referred to as?

Apex.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What is the opening between adjacent vertebrae that allows for the passage of spinal nerves?

Intervertebral foramen.

p.11
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which muscle helps in rotating the head to the opposite side?

The sternocleidomastoid.

p.1
Vertebral Anatomy

What is the focus of Dissection 1?

Back inferior to C7.

p.19
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What is the proximal attachment of the Serratus Posterior Inferior?

Spinous processes of T11 to L2.

p.10
Fascia Types

What is fascia?

Thin, sheet-like connective tissue.

p.19
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which nerves innervate the Serratus Posterior Inferior?

Anterior rami of T9 to T12.

p.9
Scapula Landmarks

What does the vertebral border refer to on the scapula?

The edge of the scapula that is closest to the vertebral column.

p.18
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Which nerves innervate the Serratus Posterior Superior?

Anterior rami of T2 to T5.

p.2
Vertebral Anatomy

What is the term for the notches located on the superior aspect of a vertebra?

Superior vertebral notch.

p.17
Scapula Landmarks

What is the superior attachment of the Levator Scapulae?

Transverse processes of C1 to C2 and posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3 to C4.

p.9
Scapula Landmarks

What is the acromion?

A bony landmark on the scapula.

p.13
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What is the primary action of the middle fibers of the trapezius?

Retracts the shoulder.

p.10
Fascia Types

What is deep fascia also known as?

Thoracolumbar fascia.

p.18
Muscles of the Back and Neck

Where does the Serratus Posterior Superior attach distally?

Ribs 2 to 5.

p.6
Sacral Anatomy

What surface of the sacrum articulates with the lumbar vertebrae?

Articular surface.

p.11
Muscles of the Back and Neck

What muscle group is involved in lateral flexion of the neck?

The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles.

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