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What does the Greek word 'Teratos' mean?
Monster.
Most common organs for birth defects?

Brain + Heart

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p.7
Definitions of Organogenesis, Teratogen, and Teratology

What does the Greek word 'Teratos' mean?

Monster.

p.6
Risk of Birth Defects During Organogenesis

Most common organs for birth defects?

<p>Brain + Heart</p>

p.8
FDA Pregnancy Categories and Their Implications

What does FDA Pregnancy Categories?

<p>RAnked from Category A-D (least adverse to most adverse) and then X. Earlier system of classification. Not sufficient.</p>

p.2
Definitions of Organogenesis, Teratogen, and Teratology

What does teratology study?

The origin, causes, and prevention of birth defects.

p.9
FDA Pregnancy Categories and Their Implications

What does the FDA PLLR stand for?

Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule.

p.10
Risk of Birth Defects During Organogenesis

What are the potential risks of Methotrexate during pregnancy?

It can cause birth defects and miscarriage.

p.4
Critical Periods of Development for Major Organ Systems

During which weeks does musculoskeletal development occur?

Weeks 4 - 5.

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Major Classes of Teratogens

Chemical agents (6): Opiods

<p>Congenital Malformations: Neural tube and heart defects, gastrochisis (belly button hole)</p>

p.4
Critical Periods of Development for Major Organ Systems

When does cardiovascular development take place?

Weeks 3 - 6.

p.9
FDA Pregnancy Categories and Their Implications

What is required when medication information becomes outdated under the FDA PLLR?

<p>Updating the labeling information. Specific risk statements.</p>

p.7
Major Classes of Teratogens

What are the four types of teratogens and their examples?

<p>Metabolic (Diabetes)</p><p>Physical agents (X-rays)</p><p>Infection (Zika)</p><p>Drugs/Chemical exposure (Fetal alcohol syndrome)</p>

p.5
Major Classes of Teratogens

What can cause birth defects?

Genetic factors, environmental exposures, and teratogens.

p.4
Critical Periods of Development for Major Organ Systems

During which weeks does gastrointestinal development occur?

Weeks 3 - 8.

p.7
Definitions of Organogenesis, Teratogen, and Teratology

Who first defined teratogens and in what year?

Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1832.

p.4
Critical Periods of Development for Major Organ Systems

What is the critical period for respiratory system development?

Weeks 4 - 38.

p.4
Critical Periods of Development for Major Organ Systems

What is the critical period for central nervous system development?

Weeks 3 - 16.

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Impact of Teratogens on Organ Development

Chemical agents (6): Alcohol

<p>Congential Malformations: FAS, short palpebral fissures, maxillary hypoplasia, heart defects, intellectual disability</p>

p.4
Critical Periods of Development for Major Organ Systems

What is the critical period for craniofacial and special senses development?

Weeks 4 - 9.

p.4
Critical Periods of Development for Major Organ Systems

When does reproductive system development occur?

Weeks 7 - 9.

p.4
Critical Periods of Development for Major Organ Systems

What is the critical period for urinary system development?

Weeks 4 - 7.

p.2
Definitions of Organogenesis, Teratogen, and Teratology

What is organogenesis?

<p>The period of development when the organ primordia are established, (weeks 3-8)</p>

p.2
Definitions of Organogenesis, Teratogen, and Teratology

What is a teratogen?

A factor that causes a birth defect, such as a drug or environmental toxicant.

p.4
Critical Periods of Development for Major Organ Systems

What is the most critical period for general organ system development?

Weeks 3 - 8.

p.9
FDA Pregnancy Categories and Their Implications

What significant change did the FDA PLLR make regarding drug categories?

It removed the A, B, C, D, X categories.

p.2
Definitions of Organogenesis, Teratogen, and Teratology

Why is the organogenesis period significant?

<p>Most sensitive = most birth defects occur. </p>

p.13

Infectious agent (5): Rubella virus

<p>Congenital Malformation: Cataracts, glaucoma, heart defects, hearing loss, tooth abnormalities</p>

p.13

Infectious agent (5): Cytomegalovirus

<p>Congenital Malformations: Microcephaly, visual impairment, intellectual disability</p>

p.14

Physical agent (1): X-rays

<p>Congenital Malformations: Microcephaly, spina bifida, cleft palate, limb defects.</p>

p.14

Hormones (3): Maternal diabetes

<p>Congenital Malformations: heart and neural tube defects.</p>

p.14

Hormones (3): Androgenic agents (e.g. testosterone)

<p>Congenital Malformations: Masculinization of female genitalia (fused labia, clitoral hypertrophy)</p>

p.14

Hormones (3): Maternal obesity

<p>Congenital Malformations: Neural tube defects, heart defects, omphalocele (intestines outside body cuz of hole in belly button)</p>

p.15

Chemical Agents (6): Thalidomide

<p>Congenital Malformations: Limb defects, heart malformations</p>

p.15

Chemical agents (6): SSRIs

<p>Congenital Malformations: Heart malformations, neural tube defects, anal atresia, facial clefts, etc.</p>

p.13

Infectious agent (5): Herpes simplex virus

<p>Congenital Malformations: Microphtalmia (1 or more small eyes), microcephaly</p>

p.13

Infectious Agent (5): Varicella (chicken pox)

<p>Congenital Malformations: Skin scarring, limb hypoplasia, intellectual disability, muscle atrophy</p>

p.13

Infectious agent (5): Toxoplasmosis

<p>Congenital Malformation: Hydrocephalus (too much CSF fluid), cerebral calcifications, microphthalmia</p>

p.15

Chemical agents (6): Lithium

<p>Congential Malformations: Heart malformations</p>

p.16
Major Classes of Teratogens

Chemical agents (6): Isotretinoin (Vit A, accutane)

<p>Congenital Malformations: small abnormal ears, mandibular hypoplasia, cleft palate, heart defects.</p>

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