p.2
Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
What does phonetics study?
Properties of speech sounds.
p.13
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the place of articulation for sounds produced with the vocal cords?
The vocal cords themselves are involved in the production of voiced sounds.
p.84
Vowel Systems in English
What does the second major dimension of vowel description refer to?
Tongue frontness or backness.
p.26
Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
Which publisher released the book 'English phonetics and phonology'?
Cambridge University Press.
p.63
Consonant Classification
What are the characteristics of the sound /b/ in English?
/b/ is voiced and unaspirated.
p.19
Articulatory Phonetics
How are lateral sounds produced?
By lowering the sides of the tongue while the tip makes contact with the roof of the mouth.
p.49
Articulatory Phonetics
How are Cantonese velars characterized?
They are labialized, meaning the lips are rounded.
p.33
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What does 'Phonological Rule Environment' refer to?
The phonological context of a speech sound.
p.39
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What does IPA stand for in the context of English?
International Phonetic Alphabet.
p.46
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the labiodental place of articulation?
It involves the lip and upper teeth.
p.67
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What is 'null initial' in phonetics?
Deletion of the initial /ŋ/ sound.
p.50
Articulatory Phonetics
What is a glottal sound?
A sound produced using the glottis, the space between the vocal cords.
p.31
Phonological Rules and Patterns
Are 'sea' and 'see' considered minimal pairs?
No, there is no difference in pronunciation.
p.84
Vowel Systems in English
What are the three major dimensions used to describe vowels?
Tongue height, tongue frontness/backness, and shape of the lips.
p.63
Consonant Classification
What is aspiration in the context of English stops?
Aspiration refers to the burst of air that follows the release of certain consonants, particularly voiceless stops.
p.13
Articulatory Phonetics
What are voiced sounds?
Sounds produced with the vibration of the vocal cords.
p.45
Consonant Classification
What is a bilabial sound?
A sound produced using both lips.
p.3
Articulatory Phonetics
What does articulatory phonetics study?
How sounds are produced in the vocal tract.
p.30
Phonological Rules and Patterns
Can sounds in minimal pairs occur in the same environment?
Yes, they can occur in the same environment, such as word position.
p.50
Articulatory Phonetics
Can you give an example of a glottal stop?
The sound in the middle of 'uh-oh'.
p.2
Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
What is the focus of phonology?
Mental representation of speech sounds.
p.28
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What do phonological rules dictate?
How speech sounds are organized.
p.63
Consonant Classification
How do English stops differ?
They differ in voicing and aspiration.
p.4
Articulatory Phonetics
How do articulators affect speech production?
They shape the airflow and modify sound to create different speech sounds.
p.32
Consonant Classification
What is the manner of articulation that contrasts 'Vest' and 'Best'?
'Vest' has a voiced labiodental fricative, while 'Best' has a voiceless bilabial stop.
p.60
Consonant Classification
Can you give an example of a voiced consonant in English?
The sound /b/ as in 'bat'.
p.78
Vowel Systems in English
Which vowel sound is represented by the symbol ?
The vowel sound in 'food'.
p.8
Orthography and Language Representation
What is an example of different sounds having the same symbol in English?
The words 'loose' (/luːs/) and 'lose' (/luːz/).
p.7
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Where can you access the CUHK Database related to IPA?
https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/
p.62
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What is the significance of aspiration in Cantonese?
It distinguishes meaning between words that would otherwise be homophones.
p.42
Consonant Classification
How are consonant sounds produced?
With some restriction or closure in the vocal tract, usually by blocking or interfering with the passing of air from the lungs.
What is the focus of acoustic phonetics?
The physical properties of sounds themselves.
p.58
Articulatory Phonetics
How does the airstream escape when producing a lateral T?
Through the sides of the mouth, not through the middle.
p.2
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What are phonological rules?
Rules that govern the mental representation of speech sounds.
p.51
Phonological Rules and Patterns
In which languages is the glottal stop commonly found?
Languages such as Arabic and Hawaiian.
p.64
Consonant Classification
What are final consonants in Cantonese?
Consonants that occur at the end of a syllable.
p.71
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What are allophones?
Different phonetic realizations of a phoneme.
p.43
Consonant Classification
What does 'manner of articulation' refer to?
How airflow is restricted or modified during the production of a sound.
p.71
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What does free variation mean in phonetics?
A case where allophones can occur in the same phonetic environment without changing meaning.
p.38
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What is the CUHK Database related to?
It is related to the International Phonetic Alphabet.
p.78
Vowel Systems in English
Which vowel sound is represented by the symbol ?
The vowel sound in 'thought'.
p.62
Articulatory Phonetics
How are aspirated stops represented in Cantonese?
They are typically represented by a 'p', 't', or 'k' followed by a superscript 'h'.
p.80
Vowel Systems in English
What is the relaxed version of /ɑ:/?
The relaxed version is /æ/.
p.44
Articulatory Phonetics
What is meant by 'place of articulation'?
It refers to where in the vocal tract the airflow is being restricted.
p.55
Articulatory Phonetics
What is a flap in English phonetics?
A sound similar to a brief stop, but without a release burst.
p.33
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What factors are considered in the phonological rule environment?
Neighbouring sounds and position in the syllable/word.
p.46
Articulatory Phonetics
Which two articulators are used in labiodental sounds?
The lower lip and the upper teeth.
p.76
Vowel Systems in English
What is the focus of the document 'Memorizing Single Vowels in BBC English'?
The focus is on single vowels in BBC English.
p.55
Articulatory Phonetics
When does an unstressed /t/ or /d/ become a flap?
When it occurs between vowels.
p.61
Articulatory Phonetics
What characterizes aspiration in phonetics?
A period of voicelessness after the stop and before the following vowel starts.
p.35
Orthography and Language Representation
Do you write the letter 'a' the same way in every word?
No, the way 'a' is written can vary depending on the context.
p.30
Consonant Classification
What are minimal pairs?
A pair of words that differ by one sound, leading to two lexical items.
p.31
Phonological Rules and Patterns
Are 'bird' and 'birds' considered minimal pairs?
No, because they have a different number of sounds.
p.49
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the velum?
The soft part of the roof of the mouth towards the back.
p.39
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What is the purpose of the International Phonetic Alphabet?
To provide a consistent representation of sounds in spoken language.
p.82
Vowel Systems in English
What is the focus of the course SED6013?
Phonetics and Phonology for Education.
p.56
Articulatory Phonetics
What is a fricative in phonetics?
A sound produced by forcing air through a narrow passage between articulators, resulting in friction.
p.61
Articulatory Phonetics
How can you physically demonstrate aspiration?
By placing your hand in front of your lips and feeling the puff of air.
p.65
Articulatory Phonetics
What characterizes unreleased stops in phonetics?
Articulators do not part immediately as air is released slowly, resulting in no audible noise.
p.42
Consonant Classification
What distinguishes vowel production from consonant production?
Vowels are produced with an open vocal tract.
p.24
Vowel Systems in English
What is the effect of aspiration on vowel length?
It causes vowels to be pronounced shorter.
p.58
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the primary characteristic of a lateral T?
The tongue touches the roof of the mouth without contacting the teeth at the sides.
p.35
Orthography and Language Representation
What is an example of a phenomenon in writing?
The variation in writing the letter 'a' in different words.
p.53
Articulatory Phonetics
What is nasal closure in the vocal tract?
It is when air only goes out through the nose, not the mouth.
p.39
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What sounds do the symbols (w) and (w) represent in IPA?
They represent the voiced labio-velar approximant sound.
What does auditory phonetics examine?
How listeners perceive sounds of language.
p.13
Articulatory Phonetics
What role do vocal cords play in speech production?
They vibrate to produce voiced sounds.
p.19
Consonant Classification
What does the term 'lateral' refer to in phonetics?
A type of consonant sound produced with airflow around the sides of the tongue.
p.68
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What is a syllabic nasal?
A syllable that contains a syllabic consonant instead of a vowel.
p.66
Consonant Classification
What has happened to the initial /ŋ/ in Cantonese nasal stops?
There has been a deletion of initial /ŋ/.
p.34
Phonological Rules and Patterns
In which type of clusters do aspirated and unaspirated [p] not occur together?
/s/ clusters (e.g., /sp/).
p.52
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the primary characteristic of stops in terms of vocal tract closure?
There is a complete closure of the vocal tract.
p.69
Consonant Classification
How do English final consonants differ from Cantonese final consonants?
English final consonants can be unreleased, while Cantonese final consonants are typically released.
p.60
Consonant Classification
How do voiced and voiceless consonants differ in pronunciation?
Voiced consonants involve vocal cord vibration, while voiceless do not.
p.70
Transcription Types in Phonetics
What is narrow phonetic transcription?
Representation of phonetic detail of a sound.
p.80
Vowel Systems in English
What does 'big mouth' refer to in vowel pronunciation?
It refers to more open vowel sounds, such as big mouth /ɔ/ and big mouth /ɛ/.
p.77
Vowel Systems in English
What are considered the 'easiest' vowels in vowel systems?
Vowels that are common across almost all languages.
p.28
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What is phonology?
The study of rules that govern speech sounds of a language.
p.4
Articulatory Phonetics
What are articulators?
The parts of the vocal tract that are used to produce speech sounds.
p.52
Consonant Classification
What are stops (or plosives) in phonetics?
Consonants produced with complete closure of the vocal tract.
p.66
Consonant Classification
What change has occurred with the nasal stop /n/ in Cantonese?
/l/ has started to replace /n/ (known as 'class merger').
p.94
Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
What is the title of the work by Harrington, Palethorpe, and Watson?
Does the Queen speak the Queen’s English?
p.37
Consonant Classification
What is the full title of the course SED6013?
Phonetics and Phonology for Education.
p.64
Consonant Classification
Can you name a characteristic of final consonants in Cantonese?
They can be voiceless or voiced.
What does a spectrogram display?
It displays frequency, amplitude, and time.
p.47
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the alveolar ridge?
The bony ridge located in the upper and lower jaws where the teeth are anchored.
p.50
Articulatory Phonetics
What role does the glottis play in speech?
It regulates airflow and phonation during speech production.
p.32
Consonant Classification
What is the voicing feature that distinguishes 'Till' from 'Dill'?
'Till' is voiceless, while 'Dill' is voiced.
p.60
Consonant Classification
What is voice contrast in English?
It refers to the distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants.
p.34
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What is the relationship between aspirated and unaspirated [p] in English?
They are not contrastive; they do not occur in the same environment.
p.57
Consonant Classification
What defines an affricate in phonetics?
A stop followed by a fricative at the same place of articulation.
p.60
Consonant Classification
What is a voiceless consonant?
Consonants produced without vibration of the vocal cords.
p.8
Orthography and Language Representation
Give an example of different symbols representing the same sound in English.
/f/ can be represented by 'fill', 'Phil', 'laugh', and 'scoff'.
p.12
Consonant Classification
What is the difference between aspirated and unaspirated consonants?
Aspirated consonants have a burst of air, while unaspirated do not.
p.80
Vowel Systems in English
What does 'relaxed' refer to in vowel pronunciation?
It refers to a less tense articulation of vowels, such as relaxed /i/ and relaxed /u/.
p.26
Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
What is the title of the article by Harrington, Palethorpe, and Watson?
Does the Queen speak the Queen’s English?
p.77
Vowel Systems in English
What is the significance of the 'easiest' vowels in language?
They are found in the vowel systems of almost all languages.
p.28
Phonological Rules and Patterns
Why do linguists identify phonological rules?
To understand the system underlying the speech sounds of a language.
p.43
Consonant Classification
What are the three dimensions of classification in phonetics?
Place of articulation, manner of articulation, and state of the glottis.
p.52
Articulatory Phonetics
What happens to the airflow when producing stops?
Air is blocked from going out into the nasal cavity and flows out of the oral cavity.
p.7
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What does IPA stand for?
International Phonetic Alphabet.
p.12
Consonant Classification
What is meant by 'voicing' in consonants?
It refers to whether the consonant is voiced or voiceless.
p.9
Orthography and Language Representation
Do Chinese characters generally represent sound?
No, they do not represent sound in general.
p.8
Orthography and Language Representation
Provide an example of different sounds represented by the same symbols in English.
'Mission' (/ˈmɪʃən/) and 'vision' (/ˈvɪʒən/).
p.9
Orthography and Language Representation
What do the characters 叮 and 打 have in common?
They have different vowels.
p.72
Orthography and Language Representation
What was the purpose of developing the Romanization system for Cantonese?
To provide a consistent transliteration system and avoid confusion.
p.47
Consonant Classification
What type of sounds are produced using the alveolar ridge?
Alveolar sounds, such as /t/, /d/, /s/, and /z/.
p.29
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What are minimal pairs?
A pair of words that differ by one sound, leading to two lexical items.
p.19
Consonant Classification
Can you give an example of a lateral consonant in English?
The sound /l/ as in 'light'.
p.38
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What is the purpose of the International Phonetic Alphabet?
To describe speech sounds for all languages.
p.57
Consonant Classification
What happens to the active articulator in an affricate?
It remains close to the passive articulator.
p.34
Phonological Rules and Patterns
How does the distribution of aspirated and unaspirated sounds vary?
It is language-dependent; different languages have different phonological rules.
p.7
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What is the purpose of the International Phonetic Alphabet?
To describe speech sounds for all languages.
p.60
Consonant Classification
Can you give an example of a voiceless consonant in English?
The sound /p/ as in 'pat'.
p.43
Consonant Classification
What are voiceless sounds?
Sounds produced without vocal fold vibration.
p.70
Transcription Types in Phonetics
What is the primary focus of narrow phonetic transcription?
To represent speech sounds as they are pronounced.
p.65
Articulatory Phonetics
What happens during the release stage of unreleased stops?
Air is released slowly without an immediate parting of the articulators.
What is a spectrogram?
A visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies in a sound signal as they vary with time.
p.51
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What role does the glottal sound play in speech?
It can serve as a consonant or a marker of syllable boundaries.
p.13
Articulatory Phonetics
What are voiceless sounds?
Sounds produced without the vibration of the vocal cords.
p.64
Consonant Classification
How do final consonants affect syllable structure in Cantonese?
They contribute to the overall phonetic structure of syllables.
p.34
Phonological Rules and Patterns
How are aspirated and unaspirated sounds perceived by native speakers?
They are understood by native speakers but may not be transcribed in dictionaries.
p.71
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What is complementary distribution?
A case where allophones occur in different phonetic environments and do not overlap.
p.9
Orthography and Language Representation
What do the characters 丁 and 叮 have in common?
They have the same syllable.
p.70
Transcription Types in Phonetics
What is broad phonetic transcription?
Representation of abstract elements of the sound.
p.70
Transcription Types in Phonetics
How does broad phonetic transcription differ from narrow transcription?
Broad transcription is not predictable, while narrow transcription includes phonetic detail.
p.56
Articulatory Phonetics
What is meant by 'close approximation' in the context of fricatives?
It refers to an active articulator being close to a passive articulator but not in contact.
p.47
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the role of the tongue on the alveolar ridge?
The tongue makes contact with the alveolar ridge to produce alveolar sounds.
p.29
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What is an example of a phonological rule?
The rule for contrastive distribution.
p.38
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What does IPA stand for?
International Phonetic Alphabet.
p.59
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the state of the vocal folds when they are near each other?
They produce voiced sounds (can feel vibration).
p.71
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What is an example of allophones in Cantonese?
Different phonetic realizations of a phoneme in the language.
p.48
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the role of the tongue in producing palatal sounds?
The tongue contacts or approaches the hard palate.
p.38
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What is the URL for the IPA keyboard?
http://westonruter.github.com/ipa-chart/keyboard/
p.9
Orthography and Language Representation
What do the characters 宁 and 灯 have in common?
They have the same initial and final consonant.
p.51
Articulatory Phonetics
What is a glottal sound?
A sound produced using the glottis, the space between the vocal cords.
p.58
Articulatory Phonetics
What analogy is used to describe the airflow in a lateral T?
Imagine pressing the middle of a tube as water leaks out of the sides.
p.4
Articulatory Phonetics
Can you name some common articulators?
Lips, tongue, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, and glottis.
p.32
Consonant Classification
What is the place of articulation that differentiates 'Sad' from 'Sap'?
'Sad' is produced with a voiced alveolar stop, while 'Sap' is produced with a voiceless alveolar fricative.
p.68
Phonological Rules and Patterns
Can a syllable contain a consonant as the nucleus?
Yes, it can contain a syllabic consonant.
p.43
Consonant Classification
What is meant by 'state of the glottis'?
It refers to whether the vocal folds are vibrating or not during sound production.
p.64
Consonant Classification
What is an example of a final consonant in Cantonese?
The consonant 'p' as in 'sap'.
p.9
Orthography and Language Representation
How consistent is the reflection of pronunciation in Chinese characters?
It is rather inconsistent.
p.41
Articulatory Phonetics
Where can you find a simple video on the production of consonants?
On YouTube at the provided link.
p.9
Orthography and Language Representation
What do the characters 釘 and 打 have in common?
They have the same initial consonant.
p.80
Vowel Systems in English
What is the symbol for schwa?
The symbol for schwa is /ə/.
p.60
Consonant Classification
What are voiced consonants?
Consonants produced with vibration of the vocal cords.
p.12
Consonant Classification
What does 'place of articulation' refer to in consonants?
It refers to where the consonant sound is produced in the vocal tract.
p.63
Consonant Classification
What are the characteristics of the sound /p h / in English?
/p h / is voiceless and aspirated.
p.43
Consonant Classification
What indicates vocal folds vibration?
The presence of voiced sounds.
p.41
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the purpose of using X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI in speech production?
To help visualize the production of speech.
p.8
Orthography and Language Representation
How can different languages use the same symbols?
Different languages can use the same symbols for different sounds.
p.62
Articulatory Phonetics
What are aspirated stops?
Consonants that are pronounced with a burst of breath.
p.80
Vowel Systems in English
What are the five pairs of vowels in English?
The pairs include: /i:/ and /ɪ/, /u:/ and /ʊ/, /e/ and /ɛ/, /ɑ:/ and /æ/, /ɔ:/ and /ʌ/ (schwa).
p.12
Consonant Classification
What does 'manner of articulation' indicate?
It indicates how the consonant sound is produced.
p.57
Consonant Classification
How does the articulation of affricates differ from plosives?
In affricates, the active articulator remains close, while in plosives, it lowers.
p.78
Vowel Systems in English
What vowel sound does the symbol represent?
The vowel sound in 'see'.
p.94
Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
Which publisher released Roach's book?
Cambridge University Press.
p.69
Consonant Classification
What does the symbol '¬' indicate in the context of Cantonese final consonants?
It indicates a released final consonant.
p.62
Articulatory Phonetics
Can you give an example of an aspirated stop in Cantonese?
The sound 'pʰ' as in the word for 'bottle'.
p.4
Articulatory Phonetics
What is the primary focus of articulatory phonetics?
How we use articulators to produce speech sounds.
p.29
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What is a phonological rule?
A linguistic environment that is considered predictable, dictating how speech sounds are organized.
p.72
Orthography and Language Representation
What was the situation regarding Romanization systems for Cantonese before 1993?
There were numerous systems with no consensus.
p.53
Articulatory Phonetics
What happens to the velum during nasal sounds?
The velum is lowered to let air travel into the nasal cavity.
p.59
Articulatory Phonetics
What happens to the vocal folds when they are open?
They produce voiceless sounds (no hum).
p.28
Phonological Rules and Patterns
What is the role of SLPs in phonology?
To identify error phonological patterns to treat.
p.94
Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
What is the focus of Roach's book?
English phonetics and phonology.
p.41
Articulatory Phonetics
What tools are used to visualize the production of speech?
X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI.
What does the intensity of color in a spectrogram indicate?
The amplitude or loudness of the sound.
p.7
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
What is the URL for the IPA keyboard?
http://westonruter.github.com/ipa-chart/keyboard/
p.9
Orthography and Language Representation
What do the characters 宁 and 灯 have in common?
They have the same final consonant.
p.80
Vowel Systems in English
What is the relaxed version of /ɔ:/?
The relaxed version is /ʌ/.
