p.10
Advantages and Limitations of Simple Radiography
In what context is simple radiography usually indicated?
As the primary imaging modality.
What does radiopaque mean?
Tissues that x-rays do not penetrate easily.
What is the primary role of a radiologist?
To diagnose and treat injuries and diseases using medical imaging and imaging-guided procedures.
What is the responsibility of a diagnostic radiologist?
Interpreting images and writing reports.
p.8
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What does the varying absorption of X-rays by objects create?
A characteristic X-ray image.
p.5
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What imaging technique is known for producing cross-sectional images of the body?
Computed Tomography (CT scan).
p.35
Nuclear Scintigraphy in Medical Imaging
What is a key advantage of most nuclear medicine (NM) tests?
They have high sensitivity.
p.6
History of X-rays and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
What type of radiation did Röntgen discover?
Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range known as X-rays.
p.15
Ultrasound Imaging Principles and Applications
What do ultrasound imaging techniques expose the body to?
High-frequency sound waves.
What is radiology?
A branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease.
p.24
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What is a CT scan?
A diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer programs to produce images of the inside of the body.
p.24
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What advantage does CT provide over traditional X-rays?
It allows many different views of the same organ or structure and provides much greater detail.
p.10
Advantages and Limitations of Simple Radiography
What is the ionizing radiation dose associated with simple radiography?
It has a minimal ionizing radiation dose.
p.7
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
Name other types of radiography besides simple radiography.
Mammography, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography.
p.26
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What role does the high voltage generator play in a CT scanner?
It provides the necessary voltage to the X-ray tube.
p.35
Nuclear Scintigraphy in Medical Imaging
What is a potential issue regarding the duration of nuclear medicine examinations?
They sometimes have prolonged examination times.
p.38
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What does the Postero-Anterior (PA) view in a chest x-ray represent?
Imaging from back to front.
p.8
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What captures the X-rays that pass through an object?
A detector located behind the object.
What do interventional radiologists do?
Perform procedures with imaging assistance.
p.6
History of X-rays and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
What was Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's profession?
German mechanical engineer and professor of physics.
p.29
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Characteristics
What does MRI stand for?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
p.44
Overview of Radiology
Where is the heart positioned on a frontal chest X-ray (CXR)?
2/3 to the left and 1/3 to the right.
p.15
Ultrasound Imaging Principles and Applications
Does ultrasound imaging use ionizing radiation?
No, it does not use ionizing radiation unlike x-rays.
p.38
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What are the standard views included in a chest x-ray examination?
Postero-Anterior (PA) view, Lateral view, and Antero-Posterior view.
p.44
Overview of Radiology
Which structures correspond to the left cardiac border on a frontal CXR?
Left Ventricle and Left Atrium.
p.18
Ultrasound Imaging Principles and Applications
How do sound waves interact with the body in ultrasound imaging?
Sound waves enter the body and are reflected at the interfaces between tissues.
What does radiolucent mean?
Tissues that x-rays easily penetrate.
p.35
Nuclear Scintigraphy in Medical Imaging
What is a major disadvantage of nuclear medicine tests?
They have low specificity.
p.27
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What does computed tomography measure in tissues?
The tissue attenuation coefficient.
p.40
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
Why is a lateral view important?
It helps in assessing the anatomy and pathology of structures that may not be visible in frontal views.
p.26
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What is the purpose of the computer data processing system in CT?
To process the data collected by detectors and create images.
p.14
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What imaging technique is known for producing cross-sectional images of the body?
Computed Tomography (CT scan).
p.37
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What is the primary purpose of cardiac imaging exams?
To assess cardiac structures and function.
p.41
Overview of Radiology
What is one reason for verifying tube and line placement?
To ensure appropriate placement of tubes and lines.
p.37
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What imaging modality uses X-rays to create detailed images of the heart?
Computerized Tomography (CT).
What is radiation?
Energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light.
What are the two fields associated with radiation?
An electric field and a magnetic field.
p.4
Radiologic Technologists Responsibilities
What is the primary role of radiologic technologists?
To perform diagnostic imaging procedures for interpretation by radiologists.
p.13
Overview of Radiology
What is the density of soft tissue compared to fat and bone?
Denser than fat but less dense than bone.
p.26
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What is the function of the X-ray tube in CT imaging?
To generate X-rays for imaging.
p.23
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What is the first imaging modality listed?
Plain Radiographs (X-rays).
p.40
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What is a lateral view in radiology?
A lateral view is an imaging perspective taken from the side of the body.
p.26
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What are detectors used for in CT imaging?
To capture the X-rays that pass through the patient.
p.33
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What is the first imaging modality listed?
Plain Radiographs (X-rays).
p.26
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What is a CT gantry?
The structure that houses the X-ray tube and detectors and rotates around the patient.
p.41
Overview of Radiology
What is a common indication for a chest X-ray (CXR)?
Suspicion of respiratory or cardiac disease.
p.32
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Characteristics
What is a key advantage of MRI regarding radiation?
MRI does not use ionizing radiation.
p.22
Ultrasound Imaging Principles and Applications
How does obesity affect ultrasound imaging?
It can lead to decreased resolution.
p.27
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What risk is associated with contrast used in computed tomography?
Contrast may cause kidney damage.
p.8
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
How do different objects affect X-ray absorption?
Objects absorb different amounts of X-rays based on their densities.
What does radiography encompass?
Several types of exams that visualize the internal parts of the body using x-ray techniques.
p.7
Advantages and Limitations of Simple Radiography
What is the primary purpose of simple radiography?
To provide a static image after termination of the exposure.
p.5
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
Which imaging modality utilizes magnetic fields and radio waves?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
p.27
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What is an advantage of computed tomography regarding image quality?
Excellent contrast resolution.
p.29
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Characteristics
What are the primary components used in MRI to generate images?
Strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves.
p.38
Overview of Radiology
What is the primary use of chest x-rays (CXR)?
As an initial imaging study to evaluate cardiac disease.
p.40
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
In which situations is a lateral view commonly used?
It is often used in chest X-rays and skeletal imaging to provide additional information.
p.41
Overview of Radiology
Why might a chest X-ray be used for chronic lung disease?
For follow-up of chronic lung disease.
p.42
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What is the positioning criterion for rotation in a CXR?
Medial clavicle heads equidistant to the spinous process.
p.32
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Characteristics
What is required for performing MRI examinations?
Experienced technologists.
p.18
Ultrasound Imaging Principles and Applications
What information do the return times of sound waves provide in ultrasound?
They indicate the depth of the reflecting surface.
p.24
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
How does the X-ray beam move in a CT scan?
It moves in a circle around the body.
p.4
Radiologic Technologists Responsibilities
What is one key responsibility of radiologic technologists?
Accurately positioning patients to ensure quality diagnostic images.
p.23
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
Which imaging modality uses magnetic fields and radio waves?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
p.39
Overview of Radiology
What is the primary use of the PA view in radiology?
To obtain images of the chest and other structures for diagnostic purposes.
p.14
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
Which imaging modality uses magnetic fields and radio waves?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
p.22
Ultrasound Imaging Principles and Applications
What is a limitation of ultrasound related to gas?
Reflection of sound waves by gases in the intestines.
p.33
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
Which imaging modality uses magnetic fields and radio waves?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
p.29
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Characteristics
What is the purpose of MRI?
To generate images of body organs and internal structures.
p.34
Nuclear Scintigraphy in Medical Imaging
What are radiopharmaceuticals?
Radioactive materials administered to patients for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
p.38
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What does the Lateral view in a chest x-ray represent?
Imaging from the side of the thorax.
p.38
Overview of Radiology
Are additional tests usually required after a chest x-ray for cardiac evaluation?
Yes, almost always for precise characterization of cardiac structure and function.
p.22
Ultrasound Imaging Principles and Applications
How can a patient's condition affect ultrasound results?
Lack of cooperation from patients in serious condition can hinder the process.
p.37
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields and radio waves to visualize the heart?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
p.32
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Characteristics
In which patients is MRI contraindicated?
Patients with metal prostheses, valves, clips, and pacemakers.
p.34
Nuclear Scintigraphy in Medical Imaging
What is nuclear medicine (NM)?
A medical specialty involving the use of radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
p.23
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What imaging technique is known for cross-sectional imaging?
Computed Tomography (CT scan).
p.39
Overview of Radiology
In a PA view, which direction does the X-ray beam travel?
From the back (posterior) to the front (anterior) of the body.
p.28
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What is the primary imaging modality that uses X-rays?
Plain Radiographs (X-rays).
p.42
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What indicates proper penetration in a chest X-ray?
Thoracic intervertebral disc spaces are just visible.
p.41
Overview of Radiology
What can a chest X-ray help identify in cases of foreign body ingestion?
Ingested or aspirated foreign bodies.
p.43
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
Which mediastinal structures are important to assess on a CXR?
Heart, aorta, pulmonary arteries, and lymph nodes.
p.22
Ultrasound Imaging Principles and Applications
What can insufficient filling of the bladder cause in ultrasound imaging?
It can decrease transmission and resolution.
p.32
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Characteristics
What can prolong the examination time in MRI?
Movement and claustrophobia.
p.22
Ultrasound Imaging Principles and Applications
What does ultrasound imaging depend on regarding the operator?
It depends on the operator’s experience.
p.33
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What imaging technique is known for cross-sectional imaging?
Computed Tomography (CT scan).
p.27
Computed Tomography (CT) Overview
What potential allergic reaction can occur with computed tomography?
Contrast can cause allergic reactions.
p.43
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What areas of the pleura should be evaluated on a CXR?
Pleura and costophrenic angles.
p.28
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What imaging technique is known for producing cross-sectional images of the body?
Computed Tomography (CT scan).
p.28
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
Which imaging modality uses magnetic fields and radio waves?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
p.37
Imaging Modalities in Radiology
What is Nuclear Medicine (NM) used for in cardiac imaging?
To assess cardiac function and blood flow.
