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What type of cells are seen in Sickle Cell Anemia?
Sickled cells.
Which type of Hodgkin's Lymphoma is associated with HIV and has the worst prognosis?
Lymphocyte-depleted.
1/98
p.5
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What type of cells are seen in Sickle Cell Anemia?

Sickled cells.

p.4
Lymphoma Types and Characteristics

Which type of Hodgkin's Lymphoma is associated with HIV and has the worst prognosis?

Lymphocyte-depleted.

p.6
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What are examples of extracorpuscular defects in Hemolytic Anemias?

Mechanical destruction (microangiopathic), Toxic agents, Infectious, Autoimmune.

p.6
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the distinguishing feature of Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Microcytic hypochromic anemia with low serum ferritin.

p.6
Bleeding Disorders and Coagulation Profiles

What is the effect of Vitamin K Deficiency on bleeding profiles?

Normal PT, Normal PTT, Prolonged bleeding time.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the primary structural level of Myoglobin?

Tertiary.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What cells in adult T-cell lymphoma appear to have multi-lobulated nuclei?

Cloverleaf or flower cells.

p.4
Lymphoma Types and Characteristics

What is the most common type of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

p.6
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the primary cause of Aplastic Anemia?

Pancytopenia with bone marrow hypocellularity.

p.6
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What are examples of intracorpuscular defects in Hemolytic Anemias?

Hemoglobinopathies, Enzymopathies, Membrane cytoskeletal defects.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What are smudge cells associated with?

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

p.5
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What is the histopathologic finding associated with Hereditary Spherocytosis?

Small hyperchromic RBCs lacking spherocytes.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What is a common complication of myelodysplastic syndrome?

Pancytopenia.

p.5
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the triad of hemolytic anemia?

Anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly.

p.5
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is a telltale sign of intravascular hemolysis?

Hemoglobinuria (often associated with hemosiderinuria).

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What type of dissociation curve does Hemoglobin exhibit?

Sigmoidal.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What is the treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia?

All-trans retinoic acid.

p.6
Bleeding Disorders and Coagulation Profiles

What is the impact of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) on bleeding profiles?

Decreased platelet count, Prolonged PT, Prolonged PTT.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What is associated with non-contiguous spread in lymphoma?

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

Where is Myoglobin mostly found in the body?

In the heart and muscle.

p.1
Types and Functions of White Blood Cells

Which white blood cells release histamine and heparin?

Basophils.

p.4
Lymphoma Types and Characteristics

What type of Hodgkin's Lymphoma has the best prognosis?

Lymphocyte-rich mononuclear variant.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

Which leukemia is primarily a disease of older adults?

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

p.4
Plasma Cell, Thymus and Spleen Disorders

What are Bence-Jones proteins?

Excess light or heavy chains synthesized by neoplastic plasma cells.

p.4
Plasma Cell, Thymus and Spleen Disorders

What are the clinical features of Multiple Myeloma?

Hypercalcemia, renal involvement, anemia, and lytic lesions.

p.6
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the most common type of hypoproliferative anemia?

Iron Deficiency Anemia.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What is the histopathologic finding in Multiple Myeloma characterized by PAS(+) globular cytoplasmic inclusions?

Russell bodies.

p.4
Lymphoma Types and Characteristics

What pattern is observed in Burkitt's lymphoma?

Starry-sky pattern.

p.6
Bleeding Disorders and Coagulation Profiles

What is the characteristic of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) in bleeding disorders?

Decreased platelet count, Normal PT, Normal PTT.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What histopathologic finding is associated with severe infection and appears as sky blue cytoplasmic puddles?

Patches of dilated endoplasmic reticulum that appear as Diihle bodies.

p.5
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What are Schistocytes and in which conditions are they found?

Fragmented RBCs found in MAHAs like DIC, TTP/HUS, HELLP syndrome.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What is the term for the conformation of RBCs caused by M proteins in Multiple Myeloma?

Rouleaux conformation.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

Is the oxygen binding of Hemoglobin affected by pH and CO2?

Yes.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What is the term for megakaryocytes with single nuclear lobes or multiple separate nuclei?

Pawn ball megakaryocytes in Myelodysplastic syndrome.

p.1
Iron Transport and Storage Proteins

What is the primary storage protein for iron?

Ferritin.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the most abundant form of Hemoglobin in adults?

Hemoglobin A.

p.1
Platelet Function and Disorders

What are platelets derived from?

Megakaryocytes.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What type of acute myeloid leukemia has the best prognosis?

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with t(15;17).

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What is the cutoff blast percentage for diagnosing AML?

20% in peripheral blood and bone marrow.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What cells are characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Reed-Sternberg cells.

p.5
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the genetic inheritance pattern of G6PD Deficiency?

X-linked recessive.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What type of cells are characterized by only two nuclear lobes?

Pseudo-Pelger-Huet cells.

p.1
Iron Transport and Storage Proteins

What is hemosiderin?

A supplemental storage protein for iron.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the cut-off value for diagnosing T2DM using HbA1C?

>6.5%.

p.4
Lymphoma Types and Characteristics

What type of lymphoma arises from sites of chronic inflammation?

Marginal zone lymphoma.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What chromosome abnormality is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia?

t(9;22) (Philadelphia chromosome).

p.6
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What leads to the distinctive morphologic changes in Megaloblastic Anemia?

Impairment of DNA synthesis.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What type of cells are characterized by bilobed nuclei and prominent Reed-Sternberg inclusions?

Giant 8 cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What are the erythroblasts with iron-laden mitochondria visible as perinuclear granules called?

Ringed sideroblasts.

p.5
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia associated with?

DIC, TTP-HUS, SLE, and malignant hypertension.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is Methemoglobin?

Oxidation of the heme component of hemoglobin to iron which cannot bind oxygen.

p.4
Lymphoma Types and Characteristics

What is the most common type of Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Nodular Sclerosis.

p.6
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What are the two main classifications of Hemolytic Anemias?

Inherited and Acquired.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What is a common CBC finding in chronic myeloid leukemia?

WBC usually > 100,000/mm³ of immature granulocytic cells.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the primary structural level of Hemoglobin?

Quaternary.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

Where is Hemoglobin mostly found in the body?

In the blood.

p.5
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What condition is characterized by intravascular hemolysis due to increased complement-mediated RBC lysis?

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria.

p.1
Fetal Erythropoiesis Stages

What are reticulocytes?

Immature RBC released by the bone marrow into the blood.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What are the cells called that were probably damaged during the birthing process in fibrotic marrow?

Teardrop cells or dacrocytes.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What are the small yellow-brown or rust-colored foci in the spleen called?

Gandy-Gamna nodules.

p.1
Platelet Function and Disorders

What is required for platelet aggregation?

Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa and fibrinogen.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What is the most common cancer in children?

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

p.4
Plasma Cell, Thymus and Spleen Disorders

What condition is a tumor of the thymus associated with?

Myasthenia gravis and pure red cell aplasia.

p.5
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What condition is associated with target cells?

HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

How many oxygen molecules can Hemoglobin bind?

4.

p.1
Fetal Erythropoiesis Stages

What is the last stage of RBC that contains a nucleus?

Orthochromatic erythroblast.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What is the term for the premature release of nucleated erythroid and early granulocyte progenitors?

Leukoerythroblastosis.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What histopathologic finding is characterized by pentalaminar tubules with a dilated terminal end?

Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

p.4
Lymphoma Types and Characteristics

What chromosomal translocation is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma?

Translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What distinctive granules are found in myeloblasts in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

Auer rods.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

How many oxygen molecules can Myoglobin bind?

1.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is Fetal Hemoglobin composed of?

A tetramer consisting of two alpha and gamma chains.

p.5
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What are Howell-Jolly bodies indicative of?

Asplenia.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What should raise suspicion of myelodysplastic syndrome?

Refractory anemia not attributed to any other cause.

p.5
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What are Burr cells associated with?

Liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia, vitamin E deficiency.

p.1
Fetal Erythropoiesis Stages

What is the first site of fetal erythropoiesis?

Yolk sac (3-8 weeks).

p.1
Iron Transport and Storage Proteins

What protein transfers iron in the blood?

Transferrin.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What type of dissociation curve does Myoglobin exhibit?

Hyperbolic.

p.1
Types and Functions of White Blood Cells

Which white blood cells are increased in allergies and parasitic infections?

Eosinophils.

p.1
Platelet Function and Disorders

What is required for platelet adhesion?

Glycoprotein lb and von Willebrand Factor.

p.1
Immunoglobulin Classes and Functions

What immunoglobulin is involved in the primary response?

IgM.

p.5
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What are Heinz bodies associated with?

G6PD deficiency due to damaged membranes.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What type of cells are characterized by abundant wrinkled green-blue cytoplasm in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?

Sea-blue histiocytes.

p.3
Acute and Chronic Leukemias

What symptoms are common in both Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Low-grade fever, night sweats, weight loss.

p.1
Fetal Erythropoiesis Stages

What is the last stage of RBC capable of mitosis?

Polychromatic erythroblast.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What are Hemoglobin Barts?

Gamma-tetramers found in newborns.

p.2
Histopathologic Findings in Hematologic Diseases

What are the small lymphocytes disrupted in the process of making smears called in Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia?

Smudge cells.

p.1
Fetal Erythropoiesis Stages

At what stage does the liver begin to contribute to fetal erythropoiesis?

6 weeks to birth.

p.1
Immunoglobulin Classes and Functions

What is the function of IgA?

Found in secretions (e.g., saliva, Peyer's patches).

p.5
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What disorder is caused by intrinsic defects in the red cell membrane?

Hereditary Spherocytosis.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

Is the oxygen binding of Myoglobin affected by pH and CO2?

No.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the function of Myoglobin in relation to oxygen?

Oxygen reservoir.

p.1
Types and Functions of White Blood Cells

What is the role of T-Killer Cells?

MHC I, CD8.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is the function of Hemoglobin in relation to oxygen?

Oxygen transporter.

p.1
Types and Functions of White Blood Cells

Which white blood cells are involved in bacterial infection and acute inflammation?

Neutrophils.

p.1
Immunoglobulin Classes and Functions

Which immunoglobulin can penetrate the placental barrier?

IgG.

p.1
Types and Functions of White Blood Cells

What is the role of T-Helper Cells?

MHC II, CD4.

p.7
Hemolytic Anemias and Their Classifications

What is Carboxyhemoglobin?

A form of hemoglobin where CO binds tightly but reversibly.

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