p.9
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What cements can be used for posts?
RMGIC, GIC, or zinc phosphate.
p.21
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What is Freegenol cement good for?
It is good for preparations without much resistance/retention form or for bruxers.
p.9
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What type of cement is used for bonded bridges?
Self-cured (or dual cured) resin cement.
p.8
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What is the bond strength range for resin cements?
18-30 MPa for standard resin cements and 50-100 MPa for self-adhesive cements.
p.1
Properties of Dental Cements
What are the ideal properties of dental cements regarding biocompatibility?
They should be non-toxic and non-irritant, with consideration for remaining dentine thickness (RDT) to reduce sensitivity risk.
p.16
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What are the advantages of using a double cord technique in dental procedures?
Useful with thick periodontium and to control bleeding.
p.2
Biocompatibility and Sensitivity in Dental Materials
What is a key characteristic of low molecular weight (MW) materials?
Low MW materials are less biocompatible, as their small size can cause irritation in dentinal tubules.
p.19
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What are the advantages of bisacryl composite resin?
Bisacryl composite resin has low exothermic properties, ease of application, better short-term aesthetics, and minimal polymerization shrinkage.
p.4
Properties of Dental Cements
What are the advantages of using zinc phosphate cement?
Good adhesion and durability in certain applications.
p.19
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What is the main use of PEMA in temporary restorations?
PEMA is used for single crowns and short-span bridges as a short-term provisional restoration.
p.18
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What aesthetic requirements should be considered for temporary restorations?
Colour compatibility, translucency, colour stability, adequate tooth form, and gingival contours.
p.21
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What is the most commonly used temporary cement?
Zinc-Oxide-Eugenol (Tempbond), where eugenol acts as a plasticiser of methacrylate resin.
p.5
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
What is the primary reaction involved in the setting of zinc phosphate cement?
The primary reaction involves phosphoric acid reacting with zinc oxide, releasing zinc ions and forming a zinc aluminophosphate gel matrix.
p.4
Properties of Dental Cements
What is a disadvantage of zinc phosphate cement?
Low tensile strength and brittleness.
p.19
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What are the characteristics of PMMA in temporary restorations?
PMMA has high strength, can be characterized, easily smoothed and polished, is low cost, but is extremely exothermic and has significant polymerization shrinkage.
p.15
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
Why is it important to achieve gingival health before taking definitive impressions?
Inflamed gingivae make it impossible to prepare a predictable intracrevicular margin, and uncontrolled hemorrhage complicates the impression process.
p.1
Bonding Mechanisms in Dental Ceramics
What is the two-fold effect of HF gel (9-10%) on ceramics?
Surface roughening and increased density of superficial –OH for better bonding to silane coupling agent.
p.4
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
How can the working time of zinc phosphate cement be increased?
By manipulating the powder to liquid ratio.
p.15
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What is the aim of definitive impressions in dental procedures?
To produce a dimensionally stable negative representation that can serve as a cast mould for a model or be scanned, allowing for exact duplication of prepared and uncut teeth, and proper articulation of the cast.
p.9
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
Which cement is suitable for all-ceramic restorations with an etchable core?
Light-cured resin cement.
p.18
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
Why is it important to prevent movement/drifting in temporary restorations?
To ensure that definitive bridges will still fit and to maintain the intra-arch relationship.
p.21
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What should be done if you need to reline a PEMA/PMMA crown?
You must clean off the cement or it won’t set and will remain rubbery.
p.2
Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
What is a benefit of using high MW materials in dental cements?
They provide consistent strength and can leach ions beneficial for dental health.
p.7
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What are the three setting mechanisms for dental cements?
1. Acid-base 2. Light-activated polymerisation 3. Chemically-activated polymerisation
p.8
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What are the main components of resin cements?
Dimethacrylate oligomers (Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA), monomers, and silica or glass fillers.
p.1
Microleakage and Adhesion in Dental Restorations
How do adhesive cements compare to others in terms of microleakage resistance?
Adhesive cements are better, with resin cement having low solubility.
p.8
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What is a significant advantage of self-adhesive cements?
They do not require pre-treatment with phosphoric acid, simplifying the bonding process.
p.9
Microleakage and Adhesion in Dental Restorations
What issues can occur with subgingival marginal locations?
Problems with moisture control.
p.8
Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
What is the impact of polymerization shrinkage in self-adhesive cements?
Recent studies suggest greater polymerization shrinkage and porosity compared to conventional resins.
p.8
Properties of Dental Cements
What is a common problem associated with dual-cure resins?
They may discolor over time due to their technique sensitivity.
p.2
Biocompatibility and Sensitivity in Dental Materials
What is the role of high molecular weight (MW) materials in dental applications?
High MW materials help in sealing dentinal tubules and providing bioactivity, often using Ca(OH)2 to maintain pH.
p.15
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What are the characteristics of a well-contoured provisional restoration?
It should have well-defined, smooth, and continuous margins without deficient margins, roughness, or violation of connective tissue attachment.
p.15
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What are the aims of gingival displacement during impressions?
To enlarge the gingival sulcus, deflect tissue to display the margin and root surface, and control hemorrhage and gingival exudate.
p.12
Properties of Dental Cements
What is the role of fluoride in dental materials?
Fluoride readily forms complexes with cations, and AlF3 is more stable than calcium fluoride complexes.
p.11
Properties of Dental Cements
What are the advantages of conventional GIC?
Advantages include fluoride release without weakening the cement, good adhesion to tooth structure, biocompatibility, comparable thermal expansion to tooth, and high compressive strength.
p.11
Properties of Dental Cements
What are the disadvantages of conventional GIC?
Disadvantages include low flexural strength, high early solubility in water, sensitivity to moisture contamination, and post-cementation sensitivity.
p.11
Bonding Mechanisms in Dental Ceramics
How does conventional GIC bond to tooth structure?
It bonds to hydroxyapatite (HAP) by polyalkenoic chains penetrating the surface and displacing surface phosphate and calcium, creating an ion exchange layer. It also bonds to collagen via hydrogen bonds or metal ion bridging.
p.17
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What is the purpose of drying teeth before taking an impression?
To ensure a clear and accurate impression without moisture interference.
p.4
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What is a common clinical use of zinc phosphate cement?
Bonding to tooth structure.
p.19
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What is a disadvantage of light-cured composite resin?
Light-cured composite resin is brittle and can be time-consuming to apply.
p.15
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What types of retraction cords are used for gingival displacement?
Braided, knitted, twisted, and medicated or non-medicated cords.
p.12
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
What initiates the gelation process in dental cements?
Gelation is initiated by the cross-linking of –COO- with calcium ions, leading to polysalt formation and an increase in pH.
p.12
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
What factors speed up the setting reaction of dental cements?
Factors include glass composition (high alumina:silica), small particle size, high powder-to-liquid ratio, increased temperature, and the addition of tartaric acid.
p.12
Microleakage and Adhesion in Dental Restorations
What improves bonding in dental materials?
Improved bonding is achieved through a smooth surface, absence of surface contaminants, and the availability of free polyalkenoic acid to interact with enamel and dentine.
p.20
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What are the steps involved in the direct preformed crown technique using polycarbonate?
1. Select crown (morphology, M-D width). 2. Adjust with green stone/soflex discs. 3. Lubricate with Vaseline. 4. Mix PEMA. 5. Insert into shell once gloss lost. 6. Fit and align crown. 7. Eliminate marginal excess before rubbery stage. 8. Remove and reseat crown after rubbery stage (~2 min). 9. Adjust after full seating (~5 min). 10. Adjust occlusion.
p.1
Properties of Dental Cements
Why is moisture tolerance critical in dental cements?
Moisture contamination can lead to failures.
p.17
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What should be done after leaving the cord in place during impression-taking?
Remove the cord and assess the gingival tissues.
p.20
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What are the disadvantages of direct techniques for temporary restorations?
Inferior mechanical properties relative to indirect techniques, optimal fit compromised, more clinical time required.
p.20
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What is the process for using cellulose acetate in temporary restorations?
1. Fill. 2. Squish (no need to remove and reseat). 3. Light cure. 4. Remove after setting.
p.17
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What is a key property of Expasy (Kerr) material?
Contains aluminium chloride with kaolin and expands on setting.
p.2
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
Why should opaque materials not be used in anterior areas?
Opaque materials are not suitable for anterior areas due to their lack of aesthetic appeal.
p.9
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What is the cement choice for all-ceramic restorations with an alumina/zirconia core?
GIC, RMGIC, zinc phosphate, or self-adhesive resin.
p.21
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What are the ideal properties of temporary cementation?
Adequate seal, retain provisional restoration, minimally soluble, adequate handling, mixing working and setting time, cleansable, compatible with pulp and gingiva, tooth structure, core restoration, and provisional restoration, and allows for removal.
p.11
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What is the composition of conventional GIC like Ketac-Cem?
Conventional GIC consists of sodium aluminosilicate glass with 20% CaF, polyacrylic acid polymer, and maleic acid copolymer, forming a polysalt gel matrix with hydrated fluoridated calcium and aluminium polysalt.
p.7
Properties of Dental Cements
What advantages do glass ionomer cements (GICs) have?
Less sensitivity to early moisture contamination, better mechanical properties, greater working time, better aesthetics, and biocompatibility.
p.7
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
Why is it important to maintain pressure on the crown during cementation?
To ensure the cement reaches the gel stage without bubbles forming.
p.13
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What is the first step in the bonding protocol for inlays/crowns/onlays?
Remove temporary cement and clean the abutment surface to remove contaminants.
p.12
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What are RMGICs and their characteristics?
RMGICs are hybrid materials that retain a significant acid-base reaction as part of their curing process, such as Fuji PLUS and RelyX luting.
p.11
Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
What is the compressive strength of conventional GIC after maturation?
The compressive strength can reach up to 400 MPa after maturation.
p.5
Properties of Dental Cements
What are the aesthetic properties of zinc phosphate cement?
Zinc phosphate cement is considered unaesthetic as it is opaque.
p.5
Properties of Dental Cements
What is the significance of the powder-to-liquid ratio in zinc phosphate cement?
A higher powder-to-liquid ratio improves strength, lowers solubility, and reduces acidity, but reducing this ratio is not recommended.
p.10
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
How can the setting and working time of zinc phosphate be controlled?
By changing temperature using a frozen glass slab to absorb exothermic heat.
p.16
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What are the benefits of electrosurgery compared to lasers?
Cheaper, faster, and provides almost immediate haemostasis.
p.17
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What is the purpose of a temporary prosthesis?
To enhance aesthetics, stabilize, and provide function for a limited time before a definitive prosthesis.
p.19
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
How should you repair a deficient temporary crown?
Put the deficient crown back in the impression and top up the bisacryl composite material.
p.18
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What are the mechanical requirements for temporary restorations?
Maintain tooth position, preserve interproximal contacts, ensure occlusal stability, resist functional load, resist removal forces.
p.13
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What type of cement is Panavia?
A dual cure, self-etching, radiopaque, fluoride-releasing cement.
p.8
Bonding Mechanisms in Dental Ceramics
How do functional monomers in self-adhesive cements bond with hydroxyapatite?
They form ionic or covalent bonds with hydroxyapatite, simultaneously demineralizing and infiltrating enamel/dentine.
p.8
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What are the classifications of bonding techniques for resin cements?
Three-step (etch and rinse), two-step (self-etch), and self-adhesive techniques.
p.7
Bonding Mechanisms in Dental Ceramics
What types of restorations can be bonded to resin composite and silane on etched porcelain?
Metal crowns, bridges, onlays, and zirconia- and alumina-cored all-ceramic crowns and bridges.
p.21
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What are the advantages of the direct-indirect procedure for temporary restorations?
It allows for a stone model conservatively prepared in the lab, construction of the provisional restoration using CAD/CAM or 3D printing, and adjustments made directly, incorporating wax-up modifications.
p.13
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What is the recommended pressure for sand blasting the restoration surface?
0.1-0.4 MPa pressure with 30-50 um alumina powder.
p.10
Properties of Dental Cements
What is a significant disadvantage of zinc phosphate cement?
It has poor adhesion and is quite soluble.
p.10
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What type of restorations is zinc phosphate primarily used for?
Full metal crowns and metal inlays, not all-ceramic restorations.
p.16
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What is a disadvantage of using lasers in dental procedures?
Cost, slower than electrosurgery, and can be dangerous.
p.19
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What is the setting mechanism of temporary crowns made from PMMA?
PMMA sets partially by light and partially chemically.
p.13
Bonding Mechanisms in Dental Ceramics
What is the bonding strength in dental ceramics determined by?
Micromechanical bonding to intertubular dentine.
p.7
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
What is the role of HEMA in dental cements?
HEMA resin and acid co-exist in solution and are part of the setting process.
p.9
Microleakage and Adhesion in Dental Restorations
What challenges arise when using resin cements on dentine or cementum?
Significant loss of adhesion with resin-based cements if finish lines are beyond CEJ.
p.11
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
What is the effect of moisture on conventional GIC?
Water is essential for the setting reaction, but excess moisture can lead to elution of essential ions and reduced translucency, while moisture loss can cause shrinkage and marginal deficiencies.
p.12
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What is the difference between composite and resin cements?
The difference lies in filler content; composite resin is not self-adhesive, while some resin cements are self-adhesive.
p.11
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What is the recommended protective measure for conventional GIC after application?
It is recommended to cover conventional GIC with low-viscosity resin, such as Ketac Glaze, to protect against moisture loss and ensure mechanical and optical properties.
p.13
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
What should be done with the paste after dispensing it for cementation?
Mix equal amounts of A and B within 15 minutes of use.
p.6
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What is a significant characteristic of glass ionomer cements (GIC)?
GIC releases calcium, aluminum, and fluoride ions due to the acid attacking the glass surface.
p.10
Properties of Dental Cements
What is the disadvantage of zinc polycarboxylate?
It has a short working time.
p.18
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What factors should be considered when choosing materials for temporary restorations?
Span length, anticipated load, prosthesis design, and duration of provisional restoration.
p.18
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What is the significance of colour stability in temporary restorations?
Colour stability generally lasts only about 1 month in temporary restorations, necessitating potential changes depending on diet and other factors.
p.21
Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
What are the strength considerations for temporary cement?
Strength can be reduced by Vaseline, and high-strength cements should be avoided to prevent damage to the tooth/restoration on removal unless there is a lack of retention, long-span/long-term use, or parafunctional activities.
p.16
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What is the purpose of the first cord in the double cord technique?
Controls GCF and provides vertical retraction.
p.13
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What should be done after trying in the indirect restoration?
Sand blast the inner surface of the restoration.
p.6
Biocompatibility and Sensitivity in Dental Materials
How does zinc polycarboxylate compare to phosphate in terms of pulp reaction?
It causes less pulp reaction than phosphate due to higher pH and larger particle size.
p.1
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What is the main non-adhesive cement, and why is it less favored?
Zinc phosphate, because it does not provide adequate adhesion.
p.1
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What is the significance of film thickness in dental cement?
An ideal film thickness is 30 um; if too thick, it can lead to poor seating and failure.
p.8
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
How does the bond strength of RelyX Unicem 2 compare to traditional methods?
RelyX Unicem 2 has bond strengths of 13 MPa and 16 MPa to dentine and enamel, respectively, which is notable for self-adhesive cements.
p.1
Bonding Mechanisms in Dental Ceramics
What should be considered during the pretreatment of ceramics?
Methods like air abrasion depend on the type of ceramic.
p.16
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What are some disadvantages of electrosurgery?
Contraindicated in patients with electrical devices or implants, requires anaesthesia, and has a risk of over-cutting.
p.17
Biocompatibility and Sensitivity in Dental Materials
What biological requirements must a temporary prosthesis meet?
Prevent sensitivity, provide pulp protection, and maintain periodontal health.
p.10
Properties of Dental Cements
What is a characteristic of Type II.1 GIC?
It can be autocure or dual cure and is usually radiolucent.
p.13
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What are the indications for using Panavia according to the manufacturer?
Metal crowns, bridges, inlays and onlays; porcelain crowns, inlays, onlays and veneers; ceramic oxide crowns, bridges, inlays and onlays; composite resin crowns, inlays and onlays; adhesion bridges; endodontic cores and prefabricated posts; amalgam bonding.
p.13
Properties of Dental Cements
What are the contraindications for using Panavia?
Incompatible with eugenol-based materials and haemostatic agents containing ferric compounds.
p.7
Microleakage and Adhesion in Dental Restorations
What can cause surface defects in restorations?
Hygroscopic expansion can create surface defects that become nuclei for cracks.
p.5
Biocompatibility and Sensitivity in Dental Materials
What is a notable disadvantage of zinc phosphate cement regarding its acidity?
Zinc phosphate cement has a low initial pH (2) that increases over time but can cause pulpal irritation.
p.11
Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
What is the thermal expansion of conventional GIC compared to tooth structure?
The thermal expansion of conventional GIC is 11, which is comparable to enamel (11.4) and dentine (8.3).
p.12
Bonding Mechanisms in Dental Ceramics
What is the function of primers in bonding to tooth structure?
Primers contain amphipathic molecules that can bind both the collagen network and the adhesive.
p.8
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
Why is it important to achieve meticulous dryness before applying resin cements?
A dry surface is crucial for optimal bonding and to prevent issues with adhesion.
p.17
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What are the ideal conditions for taking an impression?
Adequate manipulation, proper thickness, proper pressure, and minimal distortion.
p.5
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
What effect does adding water have on zinc phosphate cement?
Adding water accelerates the reaction and can help control the viscosity of the mix.
p.5
Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
What are the mechanical properties of zinc phosphate cement?
Zinc phosphate cement has high compressive strength (104 MPa), high elastic modulus, and low film thickness (20-25 µm).
p.6
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
What is the working time for zinc polycarboxylate?
Working time is approximately 2.5 minutes.
p.5
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What is the recommended mixing process for zinc phosphate cement?
Mix in 6-8 increments for 15 seconds each, ensuring a total mixing time of 90 seconds.
p.17
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What is the recommended method for applying material around preparation margins?
Inject material around prep margins.
p.17
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
How should the material be treated after injecting it around the margins?
Gently air-blow the material.
p.17
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What is an important consideration when inserting a tray for an impression?
The tray shouldn’t feel resistance.
p.6
Properties of Dental Cements
What is a key disadvantage of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC) compared to conventional GICs?
RMGICs have poor dimensional stability and expand in water.
p.16
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What is a disadvantage of the double cord technique?
Time-consuming, potentially traumatic, and less predictable gingival response.
p.1
Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
What mechanical property is important for dental materials under force?
Resistance to cyclical fatigue.
p.10
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
What is formed when zinc phosphate sets?
Zinc aluminophosphate gel.
p.20
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What are the advantages of direct techniques for temporary restorations?
Easy to apply, applied in the same visit, can incorporate wax-up modifications, cheapest option, only one shade available.
p.13
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What is the purpose of pre-treating the cavity/abutment surface with phosphoric acid?
To etch the surface for better bonding.
p.5
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What are the handling characteristics of zinc phosphate cement?
Zinc phosphate cement has good handling properties but can be difficult to manipulate due to viscosity changes with the environment.
p.22
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What should be done after applying the cement?
Seat and hold tightly, or have the patient bite over a cotton roll.
p.6
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What ions bond with carboxyl groups in zinc polycarboxylate?
Zn, Mg, Sn ions bond with carboxyl groups of the polymer.
p.21
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What is the procedure for indirect temporary restorations?
1. Alginate/elastomeric impression of prepared teeth. 2. Lab construction from PEMA, which offers superior mechanical properties, better fit, better finish and polish, and less clinical time.
p.8
Microleakage and Adhesion in Dental Restorations
What is a potential issue with self-etch cements?
They may have incomplete penetration of collagen, leading to weak points and nanoleakage.
p.12
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What are the advantages of using RMGICs?
Advantages include less susceptibility to moisture, opaque appearance with no significant effect on color under crowns, and the ability to dual- or tri-cure.
p.6
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What are the types of zinc polycarboxylate cements?
Type I: Temporary luting, Type II: Permanent cementation, Type III: Temporary Restoration, Type IV: Cavity liner.
p.6
Properties of Dental Cements
What is the film thickness of zinc polycarboxylate?
The film thickness is approximately 30-35 micrometers.
p.6
Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
What is the compressive strength of zinc polycarboxylate compared to zinc phosphate?
Zinc polycarboxylate has lower strength than zinc phosphate, with only 20-40 MPa, or 35-55 MPa if reinforced.
p.10
Properties of Dental Cements
What is the main problem associated with zinc phosphate cement?
Its opacity and the acid.
p.16
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What is the procedure for using a combined astringent technique?
Isolate with cotton rolls, cut cord, soak in astringent, loop around tooth, and gently insert into sulcus.
p.22
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
How much cement should be applied during cementation?
Apply a small quantity just short of the margin.
p.22
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What should be checked and adjusted after cementation?
Check occlusion and adjust as necessary.
p.16
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
Why is a copper band sometimes used in dental procedures?
Good if subgingival margin due to trauma/deep caries because retraction cord is less effective then.
p.16
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What is a risk associated with surgical widening?
Risk of permanent damage, especially tricky with thin gingiva.
p.16
Impression Techniques and Soft Tissue Management
What are the advantages of using lasers in dental procedures?
Minimal LA required, no harm to hard tissue, can be used around metallic restorations.
p.6
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
What is the setting time for zinc polycarboxylate?
The setting time is between 4-10 minutes.
p.17
Types of Dental Cements and Their Applications
What materials are commonly used for impressions?
Polyether (monophase), PVS (multiphase), and alginate (not for fixed prosthetics).
p.22
Clinical Protocols for Cementation and Bonding
What is a crucial step to take after cementation?
Remove excess with explorer and floss to ensure no cement is left in the sulcus.
p.1
Setting Reactions and Working Times of Cements
How does the liquid to powder ratio affect dental cement?
A 20% reduction in the ratio results in a similar reduction in compressive strength.
p.20
Temporary Restorations and Their Requirements
What is the custom technique for temporary restorations?
1. Construct a mould using silicone putty or thermoplastic. 2. Lubricate prep. 3. Line mould with PEMA/bisacryl. 4. Seat.
p.6
Biocompatibility and Sensitivity in Dental Materials
What is the cariostatic property of glass ionomer cements?
Glass ionomer cements release fluoride, providing a cariostatic effect.
p.10
Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
What is the bond strength characteristic of Type II.2 GIC?
It has the lowest bond strength compared to RMGIC and conventional.
