p.2
Anatomy and Physiology
What is anatomy?
The study of structure (morphology) of body parts; their forms, arrangements, and relationships.
p.2
Anatomy and Physiology
What is physiology?
The study of the functions of body parts; what they do and how they do it.
p.2
Complementarity of Structure and Function
What does the term 'complementarity of structure and function' refer to?
The inseparable relationship between anatomy and physiology.
p.2
Complementarity of Structure and Function
What does 'form fits function' (FFF) mean?
A central theme in biology that states what a structure does is defined by its shape and location.
p.4
Homeostasis and Its Importance
Which systems are most important for maintaining homeostasis?
The nervous and endocrine systems.
p.6
Positive Feedback Mechanism
Why is the positive feedback mechanism rarely used by the body?
It can lead to diseases if not carefully controlled.
p.9
Levels of Organization in Biological Systems
What is the smallest unit in the levels of organization?
Particles (or subatomic particles).
p.7
Homeostasis and Its Importance
What happens when negative feedback fails?
It can lead to imbalances and disorders in the body.
p.3
Factors Needed to Maintain Life
Why is water important for maintaining life?
It serves as an important medium for metabolic or chemical reactions.
p.9
Levels of Organization in Biological Systems
What is the sequence of levels of organization starting from particles?
Particles → atom → molecule → macromolecule → organelle → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism.
p.9
Levels of Organization in Biological Systems
What are the three subatomic particles mentioned?
Neutrons, protons, electrons.
p.8
Positive Feedback Mechanism
What is the main characteristic of positive feedback systems?
The output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus.
p.6
Vital Signs as Indicators of Homeostasis
What are vital signs?
Indicators of homeostatic regulations commonly detected by medical workers, including body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory function, and brain activity.
p.3
Factors Needed to Maintain Life
How does oxygen contribute to life?
It is involved in energy release in the cells.
p.5
Factors Needed to Maintain Life
Which organ systems are designed to achieve factors needed to maintain life?
All organ systems except the reproductive system.
p.3
Factors Needed to Maintain Life
What role does food play in maintaining life?
It is an important source of energy production, mainly occurring in the mitochondria of cells.
p.4
Homeostasis and Its Importance
What is homeostasis?
A dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment.
p.6
Negative Feedback Mechanism
What is the role of the negative feedback mechanism in homeostasis?
It regulates homeostasis by turning off or reducing the original stimulus.
p.3
Factors Needed to Maintain Life
What is the role of heat in maintaining life?
It helps regulate the rate of metabolism.
p.10
Levels of Organization in Biological Systems
What do organ systems consist of?
Different organs that work together closely.
p.6
Negative Feedback Mechanism
What components are involved in the negative feedback mechanism?
Stimulus, receptor, regulator, response, and normalcy, arranged in a loop.
p.3
Factors Needed to Maintain Life
How does pressure affect physiological processes?
It regulates breathing mechanisms and circulation through atmospheric, alveolar, hydrostatic, and osmotic pressure.
p.7
Negative Feedback Mechanism
What is negative feedback?
A mechanism that counteracts a change in a system to maintain homeostasis.
p.6
Positive Feedback Mechanism
What does the positive feedback mechanism do?
It intensifies the initial stimulus, leading to an enhancement of response.
p.10
Levels of Organization in Biological Systems
What are organs made up of?
Different types of tissues.
p.7
Homeostasis and Its Importance
How does negative feedback contribute to homeostasis?
By reducing the output or activity of a system when it deviates from a set point.
p.6
Positive Feedback Mechanism
Give examples of processes that involve positive feedback.
Blood clotting, hormones involved in ovulation and labor contraction.
p.7
Negative Feedback Mechanism
Can you give an example of negative feedback in the human body?
The regulation of body temperature, where the body cools down when overheated.
p.3
Factors Needed to Maintain Life
What are the five factors needed to maintain life?
Water, food, oxygen, heat, and pressure.
p.8
Positive Feedback Mechanism
Can you give an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
Regulation of blood clotting.
