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What property of water allows it to transport through the xylem?
Water is polar.
Why do animals use surface water as a habitat?
Because of surface tension.
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p.1
Properties of Water

What property of water allows it to transport through the xylem?

Water is polar.

p.1
Properties of Water

Why do animals use surface water as a habitat?

Because of surface tension.

p.1
Properties of Water

What type of bonds are responsible for water's cohesion?

Hydrogen bonds.

p.1
Properties of Water

What phenomenon does adhesion in water lead to in soil and plant cells?

Capillary action.

p.1
Properties of Water

What is water known as due to its ability to dissolve many substances?

The universal solvent.

p.1
Structure and Function of DNA and RNA

What are DNA and RNA made of?

Nucleotides.

p.1
Structure and Function of DNA and RNA

What type of bond forms the backbone of DNA?

Phosphodiester (covalent bond).

p.1
Structure and Function of DNA and RNA

What type of bond occurs between base pairs in DNA?

Hydrogen bonds.

p.1
Structure and Function of DNA and RNA

What sugar is found in RNA?

Ribose.

p.1
Structure and Function of DNA and RNA

What sugar is found in DNA?

Deoxyribose.

p.1
Carbon Chemistry

What type of bonds do saturated molecules have?

Only single bonds.

p.1
Cellular Respiration

What is the process of releasing energy without oxygen called?

Anaerobic respiration.

p.3
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What shape does Glucose form?

Hexagon.

p.4
Energy Storage and Release

What is the yield of energy from glucose?

38 molecules of ATP.

p.3
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What are lipids primarily used for?

Long-term storage molecules.

p.4
Cellular Respiration

What is compartmentalization in cells?

How the cell formed within aqueous areas.

p.3
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What is a triglyceride?

A fat molecule that includes 3 fatty acids connected to 1 glycerol.

p.2
Carbon Chemistry

What unique property does carbon have regarding bonding?

Carbon can bond to itself.

p.4
Origin of Life Experiments

What was the Miller-Urey experiment designed to simulate?

Early Earth atmosphere producing organic compounds.

p.2
Carbohydrates and Lipids

Which requires less water for digestion: fats or carbohydrates?

Digesting fats requires less water than digesting carbohydrates.

p.2
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What is the solubility characteristic of polysaccharides compared to glucose?

Polysaccharides have lower solubility than glucose.

p.2
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What are the two components of starch?

Amylose and amylopectin.

p.4
Carbon Chemistry

Why is glucose soluble in plasma?

Because it is highly polar.

p.3
Protein Structure and Function

What are proteins made of?

Amino acids.

p.3
Protein Structure and Function

What are the functions of proteins?

Enzymes, muscle structure, and antibodies.

p.4
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What are micelles?

Sacs of fat.

p.2
Molecular Biology Concepts

What is the percent composition of adenine and thymine base pairs according to Chargaff's rule?

20% each, totaling 40% for A+T.

p.2
Molecular Biology Concepts

What is the percent composition of cytosine and guanine base pairs according to Chargaff's rule?

30% each, totaling 60% for C+G.

p.3
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What shape does Fructose form?

Pentagon.

p.4
Molecular Biology Concepts

What is self-replication of molecules?

RNA used to copy itself before DNA and protein.

p.3
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What is the monomer of lipids?

Fatty acid.

p.2
Carbon Chemistry

Why is carbon considered stable?

It can create covalent bonds with many elements.

p.4
Origin of Life Experiments

Why are viruses considered non-living?

They are not made out of cells, are unstable, don’t grow, and can’t make their own energy.

p.2
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What process occurs when carbohydrates are transferred into lipids in the human body?

Carbohydrates get converted into lipids.

p.2
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What is the function of starch in plants?

Starch stores energy in plants.

p.1
Molecular Biology Concepts

What is catalysis?

Speeding up a reaction by lowering the energy of activation.

p.1
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What is amylose?

Alpha D-glucose, single stranded, starch, with 1-4 bonds.

p.3
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What is the structural difference between Alpha D-Glucose and Beta Glucose?

Alpha D-Glucose has hydroxyl groups in the order down, down, up, down, while Beta Glucose has them in the order up, down, up, down.

p.4
Molecular Biology Concepts

What does catalysis do?

Speeds up reactions.

p.3
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What are phospholipids made of?

A phosphate group, glycerol, and 2 fatty acids.

p.3
Molecular Biology Concepts

What is the process of condensation?

Molecules coming together.

p.4
Origin of Life Experiments

What did Pasteur's swan neck flask experiment demonstrate?

Life was created when the closed flask was broken after boiling nutrient solution.

p.3
Energy Storage and Release

What happens during condensation in terms of energy?

Energy is consumed.

p.4
Origin of Life Experiments

What are stromatolites?

Fossils that live in the water.

p.2
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What type of glucose is found in cellulose?

Beta glucose.

p.1
Carbon Chemistry

What type of bonds do unsaturated molecules have?

Double or triple bonds.

p.4
Energy Storage and Release

How is glucose transported in an organism?

It is moved around easily with the help of water from the intestine to tissue.

p.2
Carbon Chemistry

What is a key characteristic of carbon?

Carbon can form 4 bonds.

p.4
Origin of Life Experiments

What is a pro biont?

An entity that has its own metabolic reactions.

p.3
Molecular Biology Concepts

What is hydrolysis?

Molecules breaking apart with the addition of water.

p.3
Energy Storage and Release

What happens during hydrolysis in terms of energy?

Energy is released.

p.4
Origin of Life Experiments

What does LUCA stand for?

Last Universal Common Ancestor.

p.2
Energy Storage and Release

What type of energy do carbohydrates release?

Immediate energy.

p.2
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What type of bonds connect monosaccharides in polysaccharides?

Glycosidic bonds.

p.1
Cellular Respiration

What type of respiration uses oxygen to release energy?

Aerobic respiration.

p.2
Carbohydrates and Lipids

Where is glycogen primarily stored in animals?

In the liver and muscles.

p.2
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What is the advantage of using sucrose/disaccharides for transport?

They are easier and more stable for transport and less reactive than monosaccharides.

p.1
Carbohydrates and Lipids

What is amylopectin?

Beta glucose, highly branched, starch, with 1-4 and 1-6 bonds, found in plants.

Study Smarter, Not Harder
Study Smarter, Not Harder