Anterolaterally, deep to the epicardium, at the junction of the SVC and RA.
An ear-like muscular structure that is an extension of the right atrium and can be used to open up the right atrium.
Closure of AV valves (tricuspid and mitral valves).
Mitral Valve and Aortic Valve.
Yes, they have chordae tendineae.
Trabeculae carnae, Papillary muscle (anterior & posterior).
The left atrium.
Anterolaterally, at the junction of the SVC and RA.
Posteroinferior, in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus.
Muscular elevations that form the rough and muscular anterior wall of the right atrium.
The right atrium has a thin wall, while the left atrium has a slightly thicker wall than the right atrium.
Anterior, Superior, Septal.
No, they do not have chordae tendineae.
Chordae tendinae, Conus Arteriosus.
Vagus Nerve.
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process.
Nodal tissue that initiates the heartbeat and coordinates the contractions of the four heart chambers, and highly specialized conducting fibers.
The area in the superior part of the right ventricle that leads into the pulmonary trunk.
Tricuspid valve (3 cusps), Pulmonary valve (3 cusps).
The left auricle.
A mesh of muscle elevations that cover the walls of the left ventricle.
2nd intercostal space, left parasternal line.
A semilunar depression in the interatrial septum indicating the floor of the fossa ovalis.
A vertical ridge that internally separates the smooth and rough walls of the right atrium.
Superior Vena Cava (SVC), Inferior Vena Cava (IVC), Coronary Sinus, Right AV Opening.
Musculi pectinati (less pronounced than in the right atrium).
AV valves open and Semilunar valves close.
Closure of AV valves (tricuspid and mitral).
At the apex of the heart located in the Left Ventricle.
Four pulmonary veins: right superior, right inferior, left superior, left inferior.
In the posteroinferior region of the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus.
It carries the right bundle branch to the right ventricular wall.
A marker for the initial opening between the right and left atrium, also known as the oval fossa, and is a remnant or closure of the foramen ovale.
The tricuspid valve.
A shallow vertical groove that externally separates the rough and smooth parts of the right atrium.
A structure unique to the right ventricle that connects the septum to the anterior wall of the ventricle and contains the right bundle branch.
Chordae tendineae from more than one papillary muscle.
The pulmonary artery.
Cardiac Plexus.
They rapidly transmit signals to ventricular muscles, causing strong contractions in the ventricles.
Systole and diastole.
It returns blood from all structures superior to the diaphragm, except the lungs and the heart.
It serves as the framework of the heart and provides attachment for the muscles and valves.
Tendinous cords that arise from the apices of the papillary muscles and attach to the free edges and ventricular surfaces of the tricuspid valve cusps.
Musculi pectinati, Crista terminalis, Sulcus Terminalis.
The right ventricle has a thick wall, while the left ventricle has the thickest wall.
The aorta.
The SA node is the pacemaker of the heart and has the ability to depolarize.
The left ventricle.
It distributes the signal from the AV node to the ventricles, with left and right branches.
Specific points on the chest where heart valve sounds can be heard most clearly.
A system that controls the heart rate and coordinates the contraction of the heart chambers.
Muscular elevations in the right ventricle that aid in the wrinkling contraction of the heart.
Right AV valve.
Fossa Ovalis, Interatrial Septum.
Right Cusp, Posterior Cusp, and Left Cusp.
Four openings: left upper, left lower, right upper, right lower.
The AV node has the bundle of His.
The vagus nerve maintains a normal heart rate (60-100 bpm) and its removal will cause the heart to contract faster in a tachycardic rhythm (around 140-150 bpm).
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
It separates the right and left atrium.
Into the inferior part of the right atrium, almost in line with the superior vena cava at the level of the 5th costal cartilage.
Generates and transmits impulses to produce coordinated contractions of the cardiac cycle.
The largest part of the anterior heart surface, a small part of the diaphragm surface, and almost the entire inferior border of the heart.
The tricuspid valve is closed, and the pulmonary valve is open.
Posterior to the left side of the sternum at the level of the 4th costal cartilage.
Mitral valve (2 cusps), Aortic valve (3 cusps).
Closure of AV valves (tricuspid and mitral).
It acts as the pacemaker of the heart and initiates and regulates impulses for heart contractions.
The sympathetic supply raises heart rate, while the parasympathetic supply (via the vagus nerve) returns it to the basal rate.
It is rough due to the muscular elevations of musculi pectinati.
5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line; apex of the heart.
Sympathetic supply and parasympathetic supply.
Bicuspid Valve or Left AV Valve.
Right Semilunar valve.
Posterior to the left side of the sternum at the level of the 3rd intercostal space.
Right and Left cusps.
Closure of Semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary).
Because of the higher arterial pressure in the systemic circulation compared to the pulmonary circulation.
Due to the low amount of myocardium present, indicating the low amount of force needed to generate.
Manubriosternal joint.
A structure that provides support and attachment for the heart valves and muscle fibers.
Left Semilunar Valve.
No, the Aortic Valve does not have chordae tendineae for support.
Semilunar valves open and AV valves close.
Posterior cusp (noncoronary cusp).
They are finer and more numerous in the left ventricle.
It initiates the contraction of the atrium and the impulses travel to the AV node via the atrial wall.
2nd intercostal space, right parasternal line.
4th or 5th intercostal space, left parasternal line.
Nipple line.
It drains most venous components of the heart.
They contract ahead of ventricular contraction to tighten chordae tendineae and prepare the tricuspid valve to not be pushed into the right atrium.
Pulmonary veins, Left AV opening.
Trabeculae carnae, Papillary muscle (anterior, posterior & septal), Moderator band.
Closure of Semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary).
It allows the discharge of oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins into the left ventricle.
The Triangle of Koch is bordered by the tendon of Todaro, the Thebesian valve, and the Eustachian valve.
Due to the high amount of myocardium present, indicating the high amount of force needed to generate.
It is smooth and has the sinus venarum, where the SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus open to bring deoxygenated blood into the heart.
2nd intercostal space.
Aortic and pulmonary valves.
By the cardiac muscle cells to allow the chamber walls to contract simultaneously.
Three semilunar cusps: Right semilunar cusp, Left semilunar cusp, and Posterior semilunar cusp.
Right, Left, Anterior.
Four cusps: anterior, posterior, right, left.
It is less pronounced in the left atrium.
They play a crucial role in the physiology of heart valves.
Four fibrous rings surrounding the orifices of the valves and a right and left fibrous trigone.
Two cusps: Anterior cusp and Posterior cusp.
Truncus arteriosus.
The closing and opening of the valves, with sounds carried in the direction of blood flow.
To prepare the cusps for the incoming high pressure from the left ventricle.
