What areas of the body does the lumbar plexus primarily innervate?
The lower limb and parts of the pelvis.
p.4
Clinical Significance of Nerve Injuries
What is the significance of the brachial plexus in clinical settings?
It is involved in various nerve injuries affecting the upper limb.
What nerve roots form the Lumbar Plexus?
Nerve roots from T12, L1 - L4.
What forms the nerve plexus?
Anterior rami of the spinal nerves unite to form plexuses.
What is the function of nerve plexuses?
To supply skin, bones, muscles, and joints of a particular area.
What is a nerve plexus?
A network formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves.
p.4
Brachial Plexus Anatomy
What is the primary function of the brachial plexus?
To supply nerves to the upper limb.
p.8
Femoral Nerve Function
What is the primary function of the femoral nerve?
Motor innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg.
p.11
Sciatic Nerve Function
What are the two nerves that the Sciatic Nerve bifurcates into?
Tibial nerve and Common fibular nerve.
p.12
Cutaneous Innervation of the Lower Limb
How is sensory innervation provided in the areas innervated by the Sciatic Nerve?
Sensory is indirect, provided via the Tibial Nerve and Common Fibular Nerve.
p.14
Tibial Nerve Function
What are the branches of the Tibial nerve other than the posterior compartment of the leg?
Medial plantar nerve, Lateral plantar nerve, Medial calcaneal branches.
p.8
Femoral Nerve Function
Which muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?
The muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg.
p.10
Obturator Nerve Function
What is the primary function of the Obturator Nerve?
Motor innervation to the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh.
p.15
Common Peroneal Nerve Function
Into what two branches does the Common Peroneal Nerve separate?
Superficial and deep peroneal nerves.
p.15
Common Peroneal Nerve Function
Which muscles are innervated by the deep branches of the Common Peroneal Nerve?
Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, and Extensor hallucis longus.
p.7
Sciatic Nerve Function
What is the primary function of the sciatic nerve?
To innervate the posterior thigh and the entire lower leg and foot.
p.14
Tibial Nerve Function
What is the function of the Medial plantar nerve?
It provides cutaneous innervation to the medial aspect of the foot.
What is the sacral plexus?
A network of nerves located in the lower back that supplies the pelvis and lower limbs.
What are the major nerves that arise from the sacral plexus?
Sciatic nerve, pudendal nerve, and superior and inferior gluteal nerves.
p.9
Femoral Nerve Function
What do the anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve supply?
They provide sensory innervation to the skin of the anterior thigh.
p.17
Clinical Significance of Nerve Injuries
What injury can result from a fracture of the fibula?
Injury to the common peroneal nerve.
p.14
Tibial Nerve Function
What does the Lateral plantar nerve innervate?
It innervates the lateral aspect of the foot.
p.17
Clinical Significance of Nerve Injuries
What is a common consequence of common peroneal nerve injury?
Foot drop, where the foot is unable to dorsiflex and will permanently undergo plantarflexion.
p.12
Cutaneous Innervation of the Lower Limb
Which nerve supplies the skin of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
p.9
Femoral Nerve Function
What do the lateral cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve supply?
They provide sensory innervation to the skin on the lateral aspect of the thigh.
p.13
Tibial Nerve Function
Which muscles are innervated by the Tibial Nerve?
Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Popliteus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, and Flexor hallucis longus.
p.12
Cutaneous Innervation of the Lower Limb
What areas of the body does the Sciatic Nerve provide cutaneous innervation to?
The skin of the lateral leg, heel, and both the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the foot.
p.10
Obturator Nerve Function
Which muscles are innervated by the Obturator Nerve?
Obturator Externus, Adductor muscles (Magnus, Longus, Brevis) and Gracilis.
p.15
Common Peroneal Nerve Function
Which muscles are innervated by the superficial branches of the Common Peroneal Nerve?
Fibularis longus and brevis (lateral compartment).
p.10
Obturator Nerve Function
What area of the skin does the Obturator Nerve supply?
The middle part of the thigh.
p.9
Femoral Nerve Function
What are the major branches of the femoral nerve?
Anterior cutaneous branches, lateral cutaneous branches, and the saphenous nerve.
p.7
Clinical Significance of Nerve Injuries
What is the clinical significance of the sacral plexus?
Injury to the sacral plexus can lead to motor and sensory deficits in the lower limbs and pelvic region.
p.11
Sciatic Nerve Function
What does the Sciatic Nerve provide motor innervation to?
The posterior compartment of the thigh.
p.13
Tibial Nerve Function
What are the branches of the Tibial Nerve that innervate the foot?
Medial and lateral plantar nerves.
p.15
Common Peroneal Nerve Function
What areas does the Common Peroneal/Fibular Nerve supply?
The anterior and lateral part of the lower leg.
p.16
Common Peroneal Nerve Function
Which nerve branch is responsible for the majority of the lateral aspect of the lower leg?
Superficial fibular nerve.
p.16
Common Peroneal Nerve Function
What is the role of the sural nerve?
It provides sensory innervation to the posterior and lateral aspects of the lower leg and foot.
p.9
Femoral Nerve Function
What is the femoral nerve primarily responsible for?
It is a major nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh.
p.9
Femoral Nerve Function
What is the function of the saphenous nerve?
It provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial aspect of the leg and foot.
p.13
Tibial Nerve Function
What does the Tibial Nerve provide motor innervation to?
The posterior compartment of the lower leg and muscles of the foot.
p.11
Sciatic Nerve Function
Which muscles are innervated by the Sciatic Nerve?
Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, and the hamstring portion of Adductor Magnus.
p.16
Common Peroneal Nerve Function
What are the branches of the common peroneal nerve responsible for cutaneous innervation?
Superficial fibular nerve, Deep fibular nerve, and Sural nerve.
p.14
Tibial Nerve Function
What is the role of the Medial calcaneal branches?
They provide sensory innervation to the heel area.
p.11
Sciatic Nerve Function
What do the Tibial and Common fibular nerves innervate?
All muscles in the lower leg and foot.
p.17
Clinical Significance of Nerve Injuries
What sensory loss occurs due to common peroneal nerve injury?
Loss of sensation in the lateral parts of the leg.
From which nerve roots are the Femoral and Obturator nerves formed?
From L2 - L4 branches of the Lumbar Plexus.
What areas does the pudendal nerve supply?
The perineum and external genitalia.
p.12
Sacral Plexus Anatomy
From which plexus does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve arise?
From the sacral plexus (S1 - S3).
