Feminists generally focus on researching gender inequalities.
The welfare state takes pressure off the family and allows it to concentrate on nurturing and socialization.
The PERVERT technique helps to create evaluations on the spot by focusing on specific points related to the topic.
It is suggested that the economic harm caused by single parents is greater than all street crime put together.
He suggested establishing a meritocratic education system and abolishing inherited wealth.
The nation state, which is a bounded territory ruled by a powerful centralized state.
Different teachers have different ideas and points that can be super useful.
Beck identifies risks such as nuclear war, economic risks, and environmental risks, referring to this as a 'risk society'.
37 recommendations including free school meals.
Hirst argues that environmentalism is too fragmented to effectively challenge capitalism.
Critiques of globalization include concerns about cultural homogenization, economic inequality, and the loss of local identities.
Postmodernism challenges established norms and ideologies, emphasizing diversity, relativism, and the subjective nature of reality.
The government does not adequately fund the Financial Services Authority to prosecute financial crimes.
Selfishness or individualism.
You can strengthen a theory by referencing supporting research or sociologists that back it up.
Schutz argues that Weber's view is too individualistic and cannot explain the shared nature of meanings.
Giddens emphasizes the importance of re-evaluating our ideas and abilities to reshape our lives.
Giddens aligns with the Enlightenment tradition, believing in the power of reason to create a better world.
A significant portion of our knowledge comes from the mass media.
That rapid changes are a continuation of modernity, not a new era.
The vote (1918 and 1928), the divorce act (1969), the equal pay act (1972), and the Paternity Act (2011).
Modernity is often linked to the rise of capitalism, which emphasizes economic growth, individualism, and market-driven societies.
Women nurture and socialize children to become the next generation of workers.
An area of concern that causes politicians, the media, and the general public to think that something needs to be done.
It employs over 4000 people to collect and analyze data on various topics, including family trends and crime statistics.
Phenomenology posits that we construct the world through our senses and impose meaning through mental categories.
That one day the proletariat would take back control.
Electoral popularity, research findings, policy preferences of governments, and globalization.
They are fundamentally different due to the media creating 'hyper-reality'.
Tradition has become less important, allowing for greater personal freedom and the ability to define one's own identity.
Late modernity shows that rational analysis of society remains relevant.
Globalization can lead to job displacement in some regions while creating new opportunities in others, often resulting in a more competitive labor market.
Mead's theory suggests that social interaction is influenced by the meanings individuals attach to their actions and the responses of others, shaping their self-concept and behavior.
There is a question about funding because despite the economic harm caused by single parents, there is no funding provided.
Interactionism focuses on smaller scale research and micro-level interactions, aiming for empathic understanding of human behavior.
It lacks temporal validity, making it less relevant to current contexts.
Ethnomethodology emphasizes that society and interaction appear ordered but must be created afresh in every social interaction.
That there are no foundations to knowledge and no objective criteria to prove theories true or false.
Globalization refers to the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, primarily in economic, cultural, and political dimensions.
A government initiative that aims to meet the welfare needs of the population.
As 'cures' to a whole range of social problems.
Research on the extent of police labeling prompted compulsory multiculturalism training in the police.
Typifications are shared categories and concepts that help impose meaning and create social order.
Aim to learn 7-12 sociologists per topic.
Maintain a Wider Reading Log and find articles that apply to the topics.
Lifting social relations out of local contexts of interaction.
Difference Feminism emphasizes that every woman has very different experiences of patriarchy, capitalism, and racism.
Globalization can lead to the spread of dominant cultures, potentially eroding local traditions and practices.
Including real-life examples impresses examiners and demonstrates current knowledge and understanding of the topic.
They believed that doing research was part of the Enlightenment project to use science and reason to improve society.
A different type of solidarity, either 'mechanical' or 'organic'.
Ethnomethodology discounts social structures and focuses on how individuals actively construct order and meaning.
Late modern society is becoming more individualistic and is attempting to overcome various issues.
Modernity is characterized by industrialization, rationality, and a belief in progress, while postmodernity is marked by skepticism towards grand narratives, fragmentation, and a focus on individual experiences.
They spread Western culture to the rest of the world, contributing to a global culture.
Postmodern societies are characterized by pluralism, a questioning of authority, and a focus on consumerism and media influence.
Goffman uses the theatre as an analogy by suggesting that life is a script where we use props and costumes, and our behavior changes based on our surroundings.
You can use other theories or sociologists as strengths and weaknesses to critique or support a theory.
Instrumentally rational action, value-rational action, traditional action, and affectual action.
A state of isolation.
Rational, secular, scientific ways of thinking dominate, while magico-religious explanations decline.
Technological changes like satellite communications and the internet have closed the distances between people.
Globalization has undermined the power of the nation-state, leading to a 'borderless world' where TNCs have more power.
Cutting unemployment benefit to make it less attractive.
70% of government cuts fall on women, and there are attempts to reduce abortion time limits.
Removing capitalism from society.
The two main branches of social action theory are symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology.
Individualism often prioritizes personal goals and desires, which can lead to a lack of consideration for collective well-being.
Sociology can inform policy makers about cultural differences.
Verstehen refers to the empathic understanding of human behavior.
It is capitalist, based on private ownership of the means of production and the use of wage laborers.
It helps you learn how to apply the concepts to exam questions, which is crucial for achieving a high grade.
Linking your paragraphs and points back to the question, explaining their relevance and validity.
He argues that overly generous welfare benefits encourage 'perverse incentives' and dependency on state hand-outs.
Post-structuralist feminism asserts that there is no fixed essence of what it is to be a woman and that the dominant feminist movement falsely claims to represent 'universal womanhood.'
Labelling theory suggests that if people define a situation as real, it will have real consequences, affecting how they act.
Liberal feminists support benefits for single parents.
To provide the state with objective, value-free data to uncover the root causes of social problems.
Becker criticized the government as being the source of labels, labeling people not like them as 'problems'.
As an 'iron cage' of rationality.
An unstable, fragmented, media-saturated global village.
A state where signs appear more real than reality but do not represent anything real.
A theory aimed at helping communities with low social control and clamping down on lawbreakers using Zero Tolerance Policing techniques.
Action Theories focus on the actions and interactions of individuals, emphasizing free will and choice in shaping society.
Cultural imperialism refers to the dominance of one culture over others, often through media and consumer products, leading to the marginalization of local cultures.
The two levels are the level of cause, which explains objective structural factors, and the level of meaning, which understands subjective meanings individuals attach to their actions.
Students often try to learn separate evaluations for each topic, which can be confusing due to the number of theories.
It lacks generalisability and cannot be applied to the younger generation.
Every ten years.
A redistribution of wealth and income from rich to poor.
It ignores power and inequality, overlooks poverty, and fails to explain how media and consumption came about.
Rustin states that capitalism, with its pursuit of profit at all costs, is the source of risk, not technology itself.
Sociologists should not work with governments but focus on critical research to highlight injustices in the capitalist system.
It ignores structural theories such as functionalism and fails to explain the origin of labels.
Globalization makes it harder for cultures to exist in isolation from one another.
Living in a risk society involves facing global risks, such as crime enabled by technology.
Transnational corporations control significant economic power, contributing to the creation of a global capitalist class.
Technology facilitates globalization by enabling faster communication, transportation, and the flow of information across borders.
The process of reflecting on and adapting to changes in society.
Difference Feminists critique that traditional feminist theory only refers to the experiences of white, western, heterosexual, middle-class women.
The three basic features of interactionism are that people act in terms of symbols, meanings develop out of interactions, and meanings arise from an interpretive process.
The looking glass self describes how we develop our self-concept based on how others perceive us, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy.
