p.10
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What is secondary stress?
It is usually found in 3-syllable words and receives some emphasis but not as much as the primary stress.
p.10
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
Give an example of a noun and verb pair that differ by stress.
SUBject (noun) vs subject (verb).
p.6
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What does phonology focus on?
The acoustic properties of the actual speech signal itself.
p.1
Cultural and Regional Variations in Speech Development
How does speech development vary?
It develops differently across cultures and regions.
p.6
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What is a bound morpheme?
A morpheme that cannot carry meaning on its own and must be attached to a free morpheme.
p.9
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What is the onset of a syllable?
The consonant that comes before the vowel sound.
p.9
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What is stress in the context of syllables?
The production of a syllable with increased muscular force or emphasis.
p.5
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
Why is active listening important in Phonetics?
To differentiate and recognize distinct speech sounds.
p.8
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What is a syllable?
A basic unit of speech production and perception, and the basic unit of speech rhythm.
p.19
Resonance and Its Role in Speech Quality
What creates vibrations in the vocal tract?
Air molecules passing through various structures.
p.7
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is a minimal contrast?
One phoneme in the same position differs while everything else remains the same.
p.7
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
How do children often handle sounds they can't produce?
They substitute a sound they can make for one they can't, making it easier for them.
p.7
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What are allophones?
Variant pronunciations of a particular phoneme.
p.7
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
Give an example of a minimal pair focusing on vowel sounds.
'buck' and 'book', changing 'u' for 'oo'.
p.1
Speech Differences vs. Speech Defects
What does ASHA provide for SLPs?
ASHA credentials allow SLPs to practice in other states, but licensing is state-specific.
p.9
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What are the components of a rhyme in a syllable?
Nucleus (vowel sound) and coda (consonant that follows the vowel).
p.13
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What muscles contract to help lift the rib cage?
The internal and external intercostal muscles.
p.13
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the role of the diaphragm during exhalation?
It relaxes and rises back to its original position, decreasing the thoracic cavity.
p.12
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What are diphthongs?
Single sounds that consist of two elements, such as in the word 'BYE' /ai/.
p.2
Speech Differences vs. Speech Defects
What is the difference between speech differences and speech defects?
Speech differences are variations that may not affect communication, while speech defects are deviations that may require intervention.
p.16
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What happens to the vocal folds during strenuous activities?
They come together tightly to maintain subglottal pressure.
p.3
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
What is the principle of one-to-one correspondence in transcription?
One symbol corresponds to one sound.
p.19
Resonance and Its Role in Speech Quality
What happens to resonance as articulators move?
Resonance changes occur because the shape of the vocal tract changes, affecting how sound energy vibrates.
p.10
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
How can word stress differentiate meanings?
Different stress patterns can change the pronunciation and meaning of words, such as PERmit (noun) vs perMIT (verb).
p.7
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is the impact of using minimal pairs on intelligibility?
They can be harmful for intelligibility.
p.6
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What is a free morpheme?
A morpheme that can stand alone and carry meaning, like 'cat'.
p.1
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What does voice refer to in speech?
How we use our vocal folds and breath to make sounds.
p.13
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What happens to the thoracic cavity during inhalation?
It lowers, allowing the rib cage to lift and expand.
What occurs to air pressure in the lungs during inhalation?
It drops due to increased space, causing air to rush in.
p.9
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What happens if you change the stress in a word?
It can throw off the rhythm of speech.
p.5
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
What is an example of a subtle vowel difference?
Rounded vowels where lips are super round.
p.3
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is the process of creating individual sounds into words and sentences called?
It involves combining sounds into syllables, then into words, and finally into sentences to convey thoughts.
p.18
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What happens to the velopharyngeal port during speech production?
It is closed/sealed, allowing air to go straight through the mouth.
p.18
Speech Differences vs. Speech Defects
What is a cleft palate?
An opening in the palate that allows air to leak into the nose.
p.16
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What are the major cavities involved in speech production?
Pharyngeal cavity, oral cavity, and nasal cavity.
p.11
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What are the external intercostal muscles?
Muscles located between the ribs on the outside.
p.3
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is an example of a word with silent letters?
Gnome: 5 letters; 3 sounds.
p.15
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What is the average vibration rate of male vocal folds during phonation?
Approximately 125 times per second (Hz).
p.15
Cultural and Regional Variations in Speech Development
Why do men typically have lower-pitched voices than women?
Men have larger and heavier larynxes, which vibrate at a lower rate.
p.17
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is a cleft palate?
An opening in the hard palate that can lead to air leaking into the nasal cavity.
p.8
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What happens if 'pat' didn't have an aspirated 'p'?
It would sound like 'bat', but it doesn't change the meaning.
p.8
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
How does messing with the rhythm of syllables affect meaning?
It can change the meaning of the word.
p.14
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What happens to the vocal folds during breathing?
They are open to allow air passage.
p.10
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What does a rise in pitch indicate in speech?
It is relative when compared to other symbols.
p.7
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is an example of a minimal pair?
'fit' and 'feet', where only the vowel sound changes.
p.10
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What is another example of stress affecting meaning?
CONvert (noun) vs conVERT (verb).
p.6
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What are morphemes?
The smallest unit of language capable of carrying meaning.
p.1
Speech Differences vs. Speech Defects
What is ASHA?
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, a national credentialing association.
p.6
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is an example of minimal contrast?
The words 'cup' and 'cub'.
p.5
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
What are the two main branches of Phonetics?
Articulatory Phonetics and Perceptual Phonetics.
p.5
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
What is the focus of Perceptual Phonetics?
How the human ear interprets and perceives speech sounds.
p.13
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
How does the rib cage assist in exhalation?
It lowers to help push air out of the lungs.
p.2
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What is stuttering?
A form of disfluency where a person gets stuck or pauses on sounds.
p.11
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
To keep you alive and serve vegetative purposes.
p.12
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What happens during the cycle of inhalation and exhalation when speaking?
Typically, a breath is taken before speaking, often unconsciously, with a shift to 10% inhalation and 90% exhalation.
p.12
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the effect of not taking a preparatory breath before speaking?
Without a preparatory breath, a person would quickly run out of air and be ineffective at conveying their message.
p.2
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
What are perceptual qualities in phonetics?
They refer to how sounds are produced by speech organs and how we perceive those sounds.
p.3
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is an example of a word with more letters than sounds?
Phlegm: 4 sounds; 6 letters.
p.18
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the role of the lower jaw (mandible) in speech?
It is essential for moving the tongue, lower lip, and teeth.
p.18
Resonance and Its Role in Speech Quality
What is resonance in speech?
The perceptual quality of sounds, dealing with the vibratory properties of sound-producing bodies.
p.18
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is the significance of the unique sound quality of each phoneme?
It is associated with the shape of the vocal tract required for the production of that particular speech sound.
p.17
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the function of the velum?
The velum directs the flow of air from the lungs/larynx by opening or closing the velopharyngeal port.
p.15
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the function of the epiglottis?
To seal off the trachea during eating to prevent inhalation of food or liquids.
p.8
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
What do brackets [ ] indicate in transcription?
They indicate narrow or allophonic transcription.
p.19
Resonance and Its Role in Speech Quality
How does the position of the velum affect sound quality?
When the velum is depressed, air vibrates in the nasal and oral cavity; when raised, it bounces off differently shaped structures in the mouth.
p.10
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What does it mean if a syllable is unstressed?
It has no stress at all compared to other syllables.
p.1
Definition and Nature of Speech
What is speech described as in everyday life?
Speech is what we do every day; it's automatic and involuntary.
p.1
Definition and Nature of Speech
What is speech characterized as?
A sequence of systematic noises that carry meaning and communicate something.
p.6
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What are the two types of morphemes?
Free morphemes and bound morphemes.
p.6
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What are phones in the context of speech?
A sound specific to speech.
p.9
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What is the simplest syllable structure represented by 'V'?
A single vowel, such as 'a'.
p.5
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
What does Articulatory Phonetics focus on?
How speech sounds are physically made and how the vocal tract configures to produce them.
p.9
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
How do babies initially perceive sounds?
They can perceive and reproduce all sounds known to humans until they focus on their language's phonemes.
p.12
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is the primary characteristic of most English vowels?
Most English vowels are monophthongs, which are single phonemes with one vowel element.
p.13
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
Where is the larynx located?
Above the trachea in the respiratory system.
p.2
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
What is phonetics?
The study of the production and perception of speech sounds.
p.16
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is subglottal pressure?
Pressure below the vocal folds that helps maintain stability during exerted activities.
p.3
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
How many letters are in the Roman alphabet compared to speech sounds?
26 letters in the Roman alphabet vs 42 speech sounds.
p.16
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What structures are considered articulators?
Lips, tongue, teeth, alveolar ridge, pharyngeal wall, and lower jaw.
p.16
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What determines where sound energy travels in the vocal tract?
The position of the soft palate/velum.
p.16
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
How can lips be configured in speech production?
In various ways to help produce different sounds and qualities.
p.17
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
How does the lower lip compare to the upper lip in terms of agility?
The lower lip is much more agile than the upper lip because it is attached to the jaw.
p.17
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the velopharyngeal port?
The opening to the nasal cavity that is controlled by the velum and the velopharyngeal wall.
p.4
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
What is the primary focus when working with clients using IPA?
To represent speech accurately, especially for those with atypical speech.
p.8
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
What is the purpose of diacritics in phonetic transcription?
They indicate an alternative way of producing a certain sound.
p.19
Resonance and Its Role in Speech Quality
What does a change in resonance indicate?
It may indicate an issue with sound quality, such as unexpected nasality.
p.7
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
Why are minimal contrasts useful?
They help in learning to hear differences in phonemes.
p.7
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What are phonemes?
The smallest unit of language capable of carrying meaning.
p.1
Definition and Nature of Speech
Does having solid speaking skills provide an advantage?
Yes, it can give individuals an advantage, such as in leadership roles.
p.1
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
Why do we study phonetics?
To understand the speech process and help with communication issues.
p.6
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What are minimal pairs?
Words that differ by one phoneme in the same position, like 'cat' and 'bat'.
p.9
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What does 'CVC' stand for in syllable structure?
Consonant-Vowel-Consonant, as in 'cat'.
p.9
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What are the three factors that contribute to primary stress in a word?
Greater loudness, longer duration, and higher pitch.
p.2
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
How does a child's voice differ from an adult's voice?
A child's voice is typically high-pitched, while an adult's voice is lower in pitch.
What happens to air pressure when space is increased?
The pressure decreases because there are fewer particles in that space.
p.5
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
How does the human brain recognize different speech sounds?
By recognizing them as distinct units, such as /m/ not being /n/.
p.3
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
What are the two components of the transcription process?
Knowledge component and transcription (skill component).
p.11
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What happens when you run and can't talk?
You run out of breath because your air supply from the lungs is being used for respiration.
p.12
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What changes occur in the thoracic cavity during inhalation?
The thoracic cavity expands to allow more air into the lungs, facilitated by the contraction of the diaphragm.
p.3
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is the significance of silent letters in transcription?
They affect the number of sounds compared to the number of letters in a word.
p.16
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What are phones in the context of speech?
The individual sounds of speech produced by shaping acoustic vibrations.
p.17
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What is the difference between open and closed consonant articulation?
Open articulation allows airflow, while closed articulation restricts it.
p.17
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the alveolar ridge?
A bony ridge behind the upper central incisors where the tongue tip might touch during the production of alveolar phonemes.
p.15
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What causes pitch to change?
Emotional state and other factors.
p.4
Cultural and Regional Variations in Speech Development
What is the difference between dialects and accents?
Dialect includes vocabulary and pronunciation, while accent is only about pronunciation.
p.8
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is the difference between the 'p' in 'pat' and the 'p' in 'cup'?
'p' in 'pat' is aspirated [pʰ], while 'p' in 'cup' is unreleased [p̚].
p.19
Resonance and Its Role in Speech Quality
Why do nasals sound different from other phonemes?
Because they involve resonance from the nasal cavity.
p.10
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What is an example of a word where stress changes its meaning?
REbel (noun) vs reBEL (verb).
p.6
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
How do language rules impact phonology?
They govern the systematic organization of speech sounds in any given language.
p.1
Definition and Nature of Speech
What is the initial step in the speech process?
It starts as an idea that needs to be transformed into systematic noises.
p.1
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What does articulation refer to in speech?
How we make speech sounds using our articulators.
p.5
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
What is the study of Phonetics?
The study of the production and perception of speech sounds.
p.2
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What are the characteristics of voice in terms of pitch?
Voice can be loud or soft, high-pitched or low-pitched.
p.5
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
What is Acoustic Phonetics concerned with?
How certain sounds are produced and how that acoustically translates to perception.
p.9
Syllables and Stress in Speech Production
What is primary stress?
The strongest degree of stress in a word.
p.2
Speech Differences vs. Speech Defects
What are speech differences?
Variations in pronunciation that are not errors but may be noticeable to others.
p.5
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
What is the significance of comparing transcriptions to speakers' pronunciations?
To identify subtle differences in vowel sounds.
p.3
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
What does the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) enable us to do?
Transcribe speech sounds precisely.
p.11
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What are the two major components of the respiratory system?
Lungs and Trachea (windpipe).
p.12
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the diaphragm's role in respiration?
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that contracts to lower and expand the chest cavity, allowing more air intake.
p.16
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
How does airflow from the larynx contribute to speech?
It travels through the pharynx and is directed to the oral and/or nasal cavities.
p.18
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the glottis and its role in speech?
It is part of the laryngeal system and is the place of production for the sound /h/.
p.15
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What is the average vibration rate of female vocal folds during phonation?
Approximately 215 times per second (Hz).
p.15
Components of Speech: Articulation, Voice, and Fluency
What determines the pitch of a voice?
The number of vibrations per second, known as fundamental frequency.
p.17
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What happens when the velum is depressed?
The velopharyngeal port is open, allowing air to flow into the nasal cavity.
p.4
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
Why is it important to develop active listening skills in phonetics?
To better hear sounds that don't occur in your phonology.
p.8
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
What is narrow/allophonic transcription?
It relies on diacritic marks to indicate specific allophones and is transcribed between brackets [ ].
p.14
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the glottis?
The space between the vocal folds, important for speech production.
p.11
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What are the three major systems of the speech mechanism?
Respiratory System, Laryngeal System, and Articulatory System.
p.12
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the role of respiration in speech production?
Respiration is crucial for speech production as it provides the necessary breath to support speaking.
p.13
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the primary composition of the larynx?
Mainly muscle and cartilage.
p.2
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
Why is understanding phonetics important?
It helps in correcting incorrect speech sound production and has applications in technology like SIRI or ALEXA.
p.16
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the role of the supralaryngeal/articulatory system?
To shape sounds produced by the vocal cords into actual speech sounds (phonemes).
p.11
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What are the internal intercostal muscles?
Muscles located between the ribs beneath the external intercostal muscles.
p.18
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
How does air travel during speech production?
Air travels from the lungs through the trachea, carrying sound energy with vibrating molecules.
p.17
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What role do teeth play in consonant production?
Teeth are substantially involved in the production of many consonants.
p.4
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
Why do we use the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?
To systematically capture on paper what people are saying.
p.4
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
How does IPA ensure consistency?
It is consistent across listeners and transcribers.
p.4
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
What is a tip for writing IPA symbols?
Write symbols as they are presented in handouts or books.
p.8
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
What is broad/phonemic transcription?
It uses slashes / / and does not transcribe allophonic variation; diacritics are not used.
p.14
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What role does air from the lungs play in speech production?
It is expelled through the trachea and pushes on the closed vocal folds to create sound.
p.11
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the role of cartilage in the trachea?
To provide firmness while remaining flexible.
p.18
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
How many parts is the tongue divided into?
Five parts: Body, Tip (Apex), Blade, Dorsum, and Root.
p.15
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What happens to air pressure during phonation?
Air pressure below the vocal folds becomes lower, sucking them back together.
p.15
Phonetics and Its Importance in Speech-Language Pathology
What does Hz measure?
The number of vibrations (cycles) per second.
p.15
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What additional function does the laryngeal system serve?
Maintains pressure in the thoracic cavity during strenuous activities.
p.4
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Its Applications
What should you memorize when learning IPA?
Every symbol and the sound it corresponds to.
p.8
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What is the difference between light L and dark L?
Light L (as in 'lip') is produced at the front, while dark L (as in 'bottle') is produced more in the back of the mouth.
p.14
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the significance of the thyroid cartilage in voice quality?
It is more prominent in men than in women, affecting voice quality.
p.14
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the first step in producing a phoneme that is voiced?
The vocal folds must come together (adduct).
p.14
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What are the four major cartilages of the larynx?
Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoids (2).
p.14
Phonemes and Allophones: Understanding Speech Sounds
What distinguishes voiced sounds from voiceless sounds?
Voiced sounds involve vocal fold vibration, while voiceless sounds do not.
p.14
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is the function of the vocal folds?
Phonation or voicing through vocal fold vibration.
p.14
Anatomy of the Speech Mechanism: Respiratory, Laryngeal, and Articulatory Systems
What is adduction in the context of vocal folds?
The vocal folds come together to produce voice.
