p.4
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What are some behaviors associated with borderline personality disorder?
Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, unstable relationships, and recurrent self-harm.
p.2
Clinical Features and Risk Factors
What should be considered when there is a change in personality during middle adulthood?
The possibility of an underlying medical condition or an unrecognized disorder due to substance use.
p.4
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What emotional instability is seen in individuals with borderline personality disorder?
Marked reactivity of mood, leading to intense dysphoric mood states.
p.2
Course and Development of Personality Disorders
What is the stability of personality disorders after young adulthood?
They are relatively stable but may change by middle age.
p.1
Clinical Features and Risk Factors
What factors should not be considered when diagnosing a personality disorder?
Developmentally appropriate behaviors or those explained primarily by social or cultural factors.
p.3
Classification and Severity of Personality Disorders
What are trait domain specifiers?
They describe the prominent characteristics of an individual's personality that contribute to personality disturbance.
p.3
Classification and Severity of Personality Disorders
Can a person with a severe personality disorder have only one prominent trait domain?
Yes, a person may have a severe personality disorder and manifest only one prominent trait domain.
p.1
Classification and Severity of Personality Disorders
How does ICD-11 classify personality disorders?
It abolishes all categories except for a general description, which can be specified as 'mild', 'moderate', or 'severe'.
p.2
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
How is personality difficulty classified in ICD-11?
It is not classified as a mental disorder but is listed under problems associated with interpersonal interactions.
p.3
Clinical Features and Risk Factors
What are common manifestations of detachment?
Social detachment and emotional detachment, including avoidance of social interactions and limited emotional expression.
p.2
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What cognitive ability is important for individuals with personality disorders?
Accuracy of situational and interpersonal appraisals, especially under stress.
p.1
ICD-11 Dimensional Approach to Personality Disorders
What approach to personality disorders is introduced in ICD-11?
A dimensional approach that focuses on impairments in self and interpersonal functioning.
p.4
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What does anankastia refer to?
A narrow focus on rigid standards of perfection and controlling behavior to ensure conformity.
p.3
Classification and Severity of Personality Disorders
What are some examples of trait domain specifiers?
Negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition, anankastia, and borderline pattern.
p.5
Assessment Methods for Personality Disorders
Why is collateral history important in assessing personality disorders?
Many people do not recognize their own behaviors as unreasonable and may not report them as problematic.
p.3
Clinical Features and Risk Factors
What does negative affectivity entail?
A tendency to experience a broad range of negative emotions with disproportionate frequency and intensity.
p.1
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What are the prominent trait domains specified in ICD-11 for personality disorders?
Negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition, and anankastia.
p.5
Management and Treatment Approaches
What should be considered for short-term treatment in a crisis for borderline personality disorder?
Cautious use of sedative medication.
p.1
Clinical Features and Risk Factors
What emotional manifestations are assessed in personality dysfunction?
Range and appropriateness of emotional experience and expression.
p.2
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What is a key emotional characteristic of individuals with personality disorders?
Tendency to be emotionally over- or under-reactive.
p.4
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What characterizes the borderline pattern specifier?
Pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and marked impulsivity.
p.1
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What are the essential features of a personality disorder according to ICD-11?
Enduring disturbances in self and interpersonal functioning, lasting two years or more, manifesting in maladaptive patterns.
p.1
Severity of Personality Disorders
What aspects of personality functioning contribute to severity determination?
Stability of identity, self-worth, accuracy of self-view, and capacity for self-direction.
p.4
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What is a notable feature of interpersonal relationships in borderline personality disorder?
Proneness to rejection hypersensitivity and difficulty maintaining trust.
p.5
Management and Treatment Approaches
What type of therapy is recommended for borderline personality disorder?
Dialectical behaviour therapy.
p.1
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What is required for the diagnosis of a personality disorder in terms of symptom persistence?
The disturbance must have persisted over an extended period of time, typically lasting two years or more.
p.1
Severity of Personality Disorders
What interpersonal dysfunctions are considered in determining the severity of personality disorders?
Interest in relationships, understanding others' perspectives, and managing conflict.
p.4
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What is a common manifestation of disinhibition?
Tendency to act rashly based on immediate stimuli without considering negative consequences.
p.3
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What is personality difficulty?
Pronounced personality characteristics that may affect treatment or health services but do not meet the criteria for a personality disorder diagnosis.
p.4
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
What is a common self-perception in individuals with borderline personality disorder?
A view of the self as inadequate, guilty, or contemptible.
p.5
Management and Treatment Approaches
What does NICE Guideline (CG78) recommend regarding drug treatment for borderline personality disorder?
Drug treatment should not be used specifically for borderline personality disorder or its associated symptoms.
p.2
Gender Differences in Personality Disorders
What gender differences exist in the expression of personality disorders?
Men are more likely to exhibit dissociality and disinhibition, while women are more likely to show negative affectivity.
p.1
Classification and Severity of Personality Disorders
What are the levels of severity for personality disorders as per ICD-11?
Mild, moderate, and severe personality disorder.
p.3
Essential Features of Personality Disorders
How are trait domains related to normal personality characteristics?
Trait domains are continuous with normal personality characteristics in individuals without personality disorder or difficulty.
p.2
Course and Development of Personality Disorders
When do manifestations of personality disturbance typically appear?
In childhood, increasing during adolescence and continuing into adulthood.
p.2
Clinical Features and Risk Factors
How does early life adversity relate to personality disorders?
It is a risk factor for the later development of personality disorders.
p.2
Management and Treatment Approaches
What can complicate the treatment of other clinical syndromes?
The presence of a personality disorder.
p.3
Clinical Features and Risk Factors
What characterizes dissociality?
Disregard for the rights and feelings of others, self-centeredness, and lack of empathy.
p.5
Assessment Methods for Personality Disorders
What is the gold standard for diagnosing personality disorders in clinical research?
Diagnostic semi-structured personality interviews (e.g., SCID-5-PD).
