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Suboccipital release addresses potential compression of the ___ nerve (CN X) at the cranial base.
vagus
Post-operative OMT helps avoid complications such as ___ and ___.
atelectasis, post-operative ileus
1/113
p.9
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants

Suboccipital release addresses potential compression of the ___ nerve (CN X) at the cranial base.

vagus

p.4
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

Post-operative OMT helps avoid complications such as ___ and ___.

atelectasis, post-operative ileus

p.10
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

OMT for Torticollis also addresses compensatory ___ or cranial strain patterns.

cervical

p.8
Nipple Feeding Dysfunction and Ankyloglossia

Ankyloglossia, also known as ___, is a condition where the lingual frenulum is abnormally tight, restricting tongue mobility.

tongue-tie

p.9
Infantile Colic and OMT Treatment

OMT techniques such as ___, mesenteric lift, and suboccipital release may help alleviate colic.

cranial decompression

p.8
Impact of Labor on Neonatal Cranium

Post-delivery, OMT can help restore normal cranial motion and reduce any residual strain, improving ___ function and reducing the likelihood of developmental delays.

neurological

p.8
Impact of Labor on Neonatal Cranium

Difficult deliveries such as prolonged labor, use of forceps or vacuum, and abnormal fetal presentations can result in more severe ___ compressions.

cranial

p.2
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

The Behavioral (Biopsychosocial) Model focuses on mental, emotional, spiritual well-being, lifestyle, and ___ factors.

environmental

p.9
Infantile Colic and OMT Treatment

Colic in infants may be related to ___, digestive immaturity, or food allergies.

gas

p.9
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants

GER typically peaks around ___ months and resolves by 12 months.

4-5

p.10
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Auricular Drainage stimulates lymphatic flow and ___ tube drainage, helping clear infections.

eustachian

p.2
Common GI Conditions and Osteopathic Approaches

Treatment for acute GI conditions includes restoring efficient metabolic processes through ___, hydration, and dietary modifications.

OMT

p.7
Newborn Cranium Anatomy and OMT Considerations

OMT techniques such as ___ can relieve tension on cranial nerves, helping resolve issues like poor feeding or torticollis.

cranial osteopathy

p.8
Nipple Feeding Dysfunction and Ankyloglossia

Proper feeding requires coordinated function of cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XII (___).

hypoglossal

p.2
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations in the GI System

Sympathetic stimulation decreases gut motility, inhibits digestion, and increases ___ to abdominal organs.

vasoconstriction

p.9
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants

OMT techniques for GERD focus on releasing restrictions in the diaphragm, thoracic spine, and ___ to improve vagal tone.

cranial base

p.7
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

Treating GI conditions with OMT, such as ___ or rib raising, supports better digestion and absorption of nutrients.

mesenteric lift

p.6
Newborn Cranium Anatomy and OMT Considerations

The cranial bones, especially the ___ and ___, grow significantly in the first six years.

occiput, sphenoid

p.6
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Techniques such as ___ and ___ enhance fluid circulation, reducing respiratory and circulatory congestion.

diaphragmatic release, thoracic inlet release

p.3
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations in the GI System

The parasympathetic fibers primarily arise from the ___ nerve (CN X) and pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4).

vagus

p.8
Impact of Labor on Neonatal Cranium

During vaginal delivery, the newborn’s skull undergoes significant molding as the cranial bones ___ to pass through the birth canal.

overlap

p.2
Common GI Conditions and Osteopathic Approaches

In conditions like ___ or ___, reducing inflammation through systemic support is crucial for healing.

gastritis, peptic ulcer disease

p.9
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants

GERD in infants is common due to the immaturity of the ___, resulting in frequent regurgitation.

lower esophageal sphincter

p.7
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants

Growing children require high energy input for tissue development, growth, and repair. Disruptions in gastrointestinal function, such as ___ or constipation, can impair nutrient absorption.

GERD

p.6
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Pediatric patients may develop musculoskeletal strains due to rapid ___ or ___.

growth spurts, trauma

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

OMT targets specific sympathetic and parasympathetic areas, such as the thoracolumbar spine for sympathetic normalization and the ___ region for vagal stimulation.

occipital

p.4
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants

OMT for GERD includes ___, ___, and ___ to promote drainage and reduce inflammation.

rib raising, diaphragmatic release, mesenteric lift

p.4
Common GI Conditions and Osteopathic Approaches

Clinical features of IBS include alternating ___ and ___, ___, and often stress-related exacerbation of symptoms.

diarrhea, constipation, cramping abdominal pain

p.10
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

The Galbreath Technique involves gentle manipulation of the ___ to promote lymphatic drainage from the ear.

mandible

p.8
Nipple Feeding Dysfunction and Ankyloglossia

A tight frenulum limits the tongue’s ability to create the necessary ___ for breastfeeding, leading to nipple pain for the mother and poor milk intake for the baby.

suction

p.2
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations in the GI System

The superior mesenteric ganglia (T10-11) innervate the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon, with pain perceived around the ___ region.

umbilical

p.9
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Cranial techniques for plagiocephaly aim to restore symmetry by improving cranial bone mobility and addressing dysfunctions at the ___.

Sphenobasilar Synchondrosis (SBS)

p.7
Newborn Cranium Anatomy and OMT Considerations

The ___ fontanelle is located at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones and closes around 18-24 months.

anterior

p.6
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

OMT, by improving thoracic and diaphragmatic motion, can aid in managing conditions like ___, ___, and ___.

asthma, pneumonia, upper respiratory infections

p.3
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations in the GI System

The Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (S2-S4) innervate the GI tract from the splenic flexure to the ___.

rectum

p.3
Common GI Conditions and Osteopathic Approaches

Initial symptoms of appendicitis include periumbilical pain migrating to the ___ (McBurney’s point), accompanied by fever, nausea, and vomiting.

RLQ

p.3
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The viscerosomatic reflex for the appendix is located at ___ right-sided.

T9-T12

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The anterior Chapman’s point for the stomach (acidity) is located between ribs ___ and ___.

5, 6

p.8
Nipple Feeding Dysfunction and Ankyloglossia

Dysfunction in cranial nerves IX, X, and XII can result from ___ or condylar compression during delivery, leading to poor latching or difficulty sucking.

occipital

p.9
Infantile Colic and OMT Treatment

Cranial and spinal compression during ___ may contribute to colic symptoms.

birth

p.7
Newborn Cranium Anatomy and OMT Considerations

Compression of ___ during delivery can result in feeding difficulties, colic, and other functional issues in newborns.

cranial nerves

p.6
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Incorporating OMT in pediatric care can alleviate physical symptoms related to ___ and improve overall health.

stress

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

OMT techniques such as rib raising, muscle energy, and ___ restore normal biomechanical motion in the abdomen.

soft tissue manipulation

p.6
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Enhancing lymphatic drainage helps prevent chronic infections like ___.

otitis media

p.3
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

Pain from the stomach, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder is referred to the ___ region.

epigastric

p.3
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The anterior Chapman’s point for the appendix is at the tip of the right ___ rib.

12th

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The viscerosomatic reflex for the appendix is located at ___ (right-sided).

T9-T12

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The anterior Chapman’s point for the liver/gallbladder is located between ribs ___ and ___.

6, 7

p.10
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Balancing autonomic input (sympathetic from ___ and parasympathetic from the ___ nerve) helps reduce inflammation and improve ear function.

T1-T4, vagus

p.8
Infantile Colic and OMT Treatment

Infantile colic is characterized by excessive crying in infants aged 3-12 weeks, often presenting with the “rule of 3s” (crying for more than ___ hours a day, more than ___ days a week, for more than ___ weeks).

3, 3, 3

p.2
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

In IBS, patients often report worsening of symptoms during ___ periods, and addressing the psychosomatic connection can improve outcomes.

stressful

p.7
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

In children, the central and peripheral nervous systems are still ___, which can lead to developmental delays, behavioral issues, or motor-sensory integration problems.

developing

p.6
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

In the Biopsychosocial Model, early bonding between parents and infants plays a key role in healthy ___, ___, and ___ development.

neurological, emotional, physical

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

The Biomechanical Model in osteopathic care focuses on ___, joint motion, posture, and somatic dysfunction.

structure

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

In GERD, postural strain can affect ___ function, increasing the risk of acid reflux.

diaphragmatic

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

The Neurological Model focuses on the balance of the ___ nervous system, sensory processing, and pain modulation.

autonomic

p.4
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants

GERD symptoms can be triggered by ___, ___, ___, and ___.

fatty foods, alcohol, caffeine, lying flat

p.4
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

Viscerosomatic reflexes for the lower esophagus and stomach in GERD are found at ___ (left).

T5-T10

p.4
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants

OMT for GERD includes ___ to balance the vagus nerve and normalize parasympathetic influence on the stomach.

suboccipital release

p.4
Common GI Conditions and Osteopathic Approaches

Crohn’s Disease typically affects the ___ and causes ___, ___, and ___.

terminal ileum, bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss

p.4
Common GI Conditions and Osteopathic Approaches

OMT for IBD includes ___ and ___ to reduce sympathetic overstimulation and encourage healing.

rib raising, thoracolumbar soft tissue

p.10
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

The short, horizontal ___ tubes in children are prone to dysfunction, leading to fluid accumulation and bacterial infection in the middle ear.

eustachian

p.2
Common GI Conditions and Osteopathic Approaches

Acute GI conditions like ___ or ___ involve inflammation that increases metabolic demand, fever, and catabolic states.

appendicitis, cholecystitis

p.2
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

Psychological stress, anxiety, or depression can significantly impact GI function, particularly in disorders like ___ or ___.

IBS, GERD

p.7
Newborn Cranium Anatomy and OMT Considerations

The bones of a newborn’s skull are connected by ___ and fontanelles, which provide flexibility during birth and allow for rapid brain growth.

sutures

p.7
Newborn Cranium Anatomy and OMT Considerations

At birth, the occiput consists of ___ distinct parts. Misalignment or compression during birth can affect the cranial nerves exiting the jugular foramen.

four

p.3
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations in the GI System

Parasympathetic stimulation promotes digestion by increasing gut motility, ___, and secretion.

peristalsis

p.3
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

Pain from the small intestine and ascending colon is referred to the ___ region.

umbilical

p.3
Common GI Conditions and Osteopathic Approaches

Physical signs of appendicitis include positive Rovsing’s sign, Psoas sign, and ___ tenderness.

rebound

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The viscerosomatic reflex for the stomach is located at ___ (left-sided).

T5-10

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The viscerosomatic reflex for the colon is located at ___ (right for ascending colon, bilateral for transverse colon).

T10-L3

p.4
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

For parasympathetic imbalance in IBS, consider dysfunctions at ___, ___, ___, and ___.

OA, C2, C3, sacrum

p.10
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

OMT for Torticollis involves releasing tightness in the ___ muscle.

SCM

p.2
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations in the GI System

The celiac ganglia (T5-9) innervate the distal esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, and proximal duodenum, with pain referred to the ___ region.

epigastric

p.3
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations in the GI System

The Inferior Mesenteric Ganglia (T12-L2) innervates the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and ___.

rectum

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

Techniques like diaphragmatic release, mesenteric lift, and ___ promote circulation and improve lymphatic drainage.

thoracic inlet release

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

In GERD, sympathetic hyperactivity can reduce lower ___ sphincter tone, worsening reflux.

esophageal

p.4
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

Viscerosomatic reflexes for the upper esophagus in GERD are found at ___ (right).

T5-T6

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The viscerosomatic reflex for the pancreas is located at ___ (bilateral).

T5-9

p.4
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

Viscerosomatic reflexes for the large intestine in IBS are found at ___.

T10-L3

p.2
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations in the GI System

Sympathetic fibers arise from ___, exiting through the ventral horn of the spinal cord and passing via splanchnic nerves to reach prevertebral ganglia.

T1-L2

p.6
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

The ___ assessment is used for adolescents to screen for psychosocial issues.

HEADSS (Home, Education, Activities, Drugs, Suicidal Ideation, Sexual Activity)

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

In the Biomechanical Model, postural dysfunctions such as ___ or scoliosis can compress abdominal organs, altering their function.

thoracolumbar kyphosis

p.3
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations in the GI System

Pain from the structures innervated by the Inferior Mesenteric Ganglia is referred to the ___ region.

hypogastric

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

Sympathetic hyperactivity can slow down peristalsis and reduce motility, leading to ___ or bloating.

constipation

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The viscerosomatic reflex for the esophagus is located at ___ (right-sided).

T5-6

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The viscerosomatic reflex for the small intestine is located at ___ (bilateral).

T8-11

p.4
Common GI Conditions and Osteopathic Approaches

OMT for IBD focuses on ___ techniques like ___ to promote fluid drainage and reduce inflammation.

lymphatic, pedal pump

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The posterior Chapman’s point for the colon is located from ___ transverse processes to iliac crest.

L2-L4

p.9
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Positional plagiocephaly is the flattening of one side of the ___, often caused by the baby favoring one head position.

skull

p.9
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Torticollis involves the tightening or shortening of the ___ muscle, leading to head tilt and rotation.

sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

p.7
Newborn Cranium Anatomy and OMT Considerations

The posterior fontanelle is located at the junction of the occipital and parietal bones and closes by ___ months.

2-3

p.7
Newborn Cranium Anatomy and OMT Considerations

OMT is used to normalize cranial bone motion and resolve any cranial ___ patterns, facilitating proper neurological function and growth.

strain

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

Respiratory diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm dysfunctions impede lymphatic drainage and ___ return in the abdominal organs.

venous

p.4
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

Pre-operatively, gentle OMT focusing on ___ and ___ is used to modulate autonomic input.

rib raising, suboccipital release

p.5
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

OMT techniques such as ___, sacral balancing, and cranial techniques are used to address autonomic dysregulation.

rib raising

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The viscerosomatic reflex for the liver/gallbladder is located at ___ (right-sided).

T5-10

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The anterior Chapman’s point for the stomach (motility) is located between ribs ___ and ___.

6, 7

p.9
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Plagiocephaly is often associated with ___, where the infant has limited range of motion in the neck.

torticollis

p.6
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Infants have increased airway resistance due to shorter, more ___ airways.

compliant

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

The Respiratory-Circulatory Model focuses on optimizing circulation of blood and lymph, ___ mechanics, and venous return.

respiratory

p.1
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

In conditions like IBS, promoting proper lymphatic drainage and circulation can reduce ___ and relieve pain.

inflammation

p.4
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants

Symptoms of GERD include ___, ___, and ___.

heartburn, chest discomfort, acid regurgitation

p.4
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

Viscerosomatic reflexes for the intestines in IBD are found at ___.

T10-L3

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The posterior Chapman’s point for the esophagus is located at dorsal ___ between spinous and transverse processes.

T2

p.6
Models of Osteopathic Care in Pediatrics

Children experience rapid musculoskeletal changes, including bone growth influenced by ___ and ___.

activity, posture

p.3
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Innervations in the GI System

The Vagus Nerve (CN X) innervates the GI tract from the distal esophagus to the ___ of the colon.

splenic flexure

p.3
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

Pain from the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum is referred to the ___ region.

hypogastric

p.5
Models of Osteopathic Care in GI Disorders

___ release is used in OMT to relieve congestion in the abdomen and reduce cramping.

Mesenteric

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The anterior Chapman’s point for the esophagus is located between ribs ___ and ___.

2, 3

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The posterior Chapman’s point for the stomach is located between ___ and ___.

T5-6, T6-7

p.4
Common GI Conditions and Osteopathic Approaches

Ulcerative Colitis causes ___ and ___.

bloody diarrhea, rectal urgency

p.5
Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Chapman’s Points

The anterior Chapman’s point for the appendix is located at the tip of the ___ rib.

right 12th

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