A condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made.
Anticonvulsant and antimalaria drugs.
Haemorrhage.
1. Irradiation 2. Tumors 3. Anticancer drugs.
They can destroy bone marrow.
Anemia causes pallor (decreased Hb), while polycythemia leads to cyanosis (increased reduced Hb).
Increased number of RBCs.
A decrease in O2 carrying capacity of blood due to deficiency of hemoglobin (Hb).
A type of anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells.
The presence of large, abnormal red blood cells due to impaired DNA synthesis.
Increased production of WBCs and platelets.
By damaging the bone marrow.
In anemia, blood flow velocity is increased; in polycythemia, it is decreased.
6 - 8 million/mm3.
Blood Loss Anemia.
Fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
An RBC count of 7-8 million/mm3 due to a tumor in the bone marrow.
Hereditary spherocytosis.
RBCs have normal hemoglobin content.
Cardiac output is increased in anemia and 3-4 times normal in polycythemia; it remains unchanged.
A condition where there is an increased number of red blood cells in the bloodstream.
Chronic bleeding, such as from a peptic ulcer.
Hemolytic Anemia.
Headaches, dizziness, and a ruddy complexion.
An RBC count that may rise to 6-7 million/mm3.
A blood disorder involving less hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal.
Cardiac reserve is decreased in anemia and remains unchanged in polycythemia.
A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.
Autoimmune disorders, infections, certain medications, and inherited conditions.
Chronic blood loss anemia.
They are of small size and have little hemoglobin content.
It destroys bone marrow.
A genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen and break down.
Venous return is increased in anemia and decreased in polycythemia.
It can lead to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, causing fatigue and increased heart rate.
Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, jaundice, and dark urine.
A condition characterized by the destruction of bone marrow.
A condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells.
Hypoxia from conditions like obstructive lung diseases and living at high altitudes.
Deficiency of vitamin B12, folic acid, or intrinsic factor from the stomach mucosa.
Bacterial toxins.
Acute blood loss anemia.
Excessive destruction of RBCs due to abnormalities that make the cells more fragile.
Chronic loss of iron.
RBCs are of normal shape and size.
A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.
It can be caused by a decreased number of RBCs or too little hemoglobin in the cells.
Through blood tests that check for low red blood cell count and signs of hemolysis.
Disorders that originate within the red blood cells themselves, affecting their structure or function.
Disorders related to abnormal hemoglobin, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.
Peripheral resistance is decreased in anemia and increased in polycythemia.
Erythroblastosis foetalis or incompatible blood transfusion.
It can increase blood viscosity, leading to higher blood pressure and increased risk of thrombosis.
Hemoglobin carries oxygen (O2) in the blood.
Treatments may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or blood transfusions.
Normocytic and normochromic.
In anemia, blood viscosity is decreased; in polycythemia, it is increased.
In anemia, blood pressure tends to rise due to increased resistance; in polycythemia, it drops when heart failure occurs.
