p.1
Definitions of Intelligence
What is the main issue regarding the definition of intelligence?
There is no single, accepted definition of intelligence, leading to disagreements on how to assess it.
p.1
Definitions of Intelligence
Who provided an updated symposium with more definitions of intelligence?
Sternberg and Detterman (1986).
p.1
Definitions of Intelligence
What analogy is used to describe intelligence in the text?
Intelligence is compared to Freud's ego, suggesting it is best thought of as a process.
p.4
Spearman's General Intelligence (g) Theory
What is the primary idea behind Spearman's g theory of intelligence?
Intelligence operates primarily as a single capacity.
p.4
The Role of Nonintellectual Influences on Intelligence
What factors can affect expressions of intelligence differentially?
Aging, brain damage, disease, deprivation, and disturbance.
p.1
Global Intellectual Ability vs. Separate Abilities
What unresolved question exists in theories of intelligence?
Whether intelligence is a single overall ability or consists of separate abilities.
p.4
The Role of Nonintellectual Influences on Intelligence
How do emotions and intellect interact in problem-solving?
They can aid or interfere with one another.
p.2
The Debate Between Lumpers and Splitters
What does the 'lumper' position suggest about cognitive ability?
It suggests that each person has a single level of cognitive ability that can be observed across various intelligence tests.
p.3
Spearman's General Intelligence (g) Theory
Who proposed the concept of general intelligence, commonly referred to as 'g'?
British psychologist Charles Spearman.
p.2
The Debate Between Lumpers and Splitters
How do 'splitter' theorists view cognitive abilities?
They believe there are several higher-order cognitive abilities that are more or less independent of each other.
p.1
Contemporary Issues in Intelligence Assessment
What is a contentious aspect of the field of intelligence?
Disputes about the construct and measurement of intelligence.
p.4
Spearman's General Intelligence (g) Theory
What did Spearman acknowledge about his own theory later in his career?
The existence of a third kind of factor, the group factor.
What criticism do some scholars have regarding the g theory?
They argue that correlations with older tests justify new tests, creating circular support for g.
p.2
The Debate Between Lumpers and Splitters
What are the two opposing views in the debate about intelligence?
The 'lumper' view, which suggests a single level of cognitive ability (g), and the 'splitter' view, which posits several independent cognitive abilities.
p.1
Definitions of Intelligence
What does the lack of agreement on the definition of intelligence affect?
It complicates reaching consensus on how to measure intelligence.
p.3
Spearman's General Intelligence (g) Theory
What are specific factors (s) in Spearman's theory?
Factors representing particular tests or subtests.
p.4
The Role of Nonintellectual Influences on Intelligence
What are important components of test performance according to the text?
Frustration tolerance, impulsiveness, and persistence.
p.4
Wechsler's Contributions to Intelligence Testing
What did David Wechsler's Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale introduce?
Two component IQs (Verbal and nonverbal Performance) in addition to Full Scale IQ.
p.4
Contemporary Issues in Intelligence Assessment
What criticism did McDermott, Fantuzzo, and Glutting (1990) have regarding subtest analysis?
They proclaimed, 'Just say no to subtest analysis.'
p.3
Spearman's General Intelligence (g) Theory
What correlation did Spearman observe among different cognitive tests?
People who performed well on one cognitive test tended to perform well on others.
p.2
The Debate Between Lumpers and Splitters
How does popular culture reflect the debate on intelligence?
In shows like 'Everybody Loves Raymond', characters discuss different kinds of intelligence, such as street smarts.
p.4
Spearman's General Intelligence (g) Theory
What was the significance of Spearman's g theory in intelligence assessment?
It was the only theory that mattered for practical assessment for over three-quarters of a century.
p.2
The Debate Between Lumpers and Splitters
What is an example of a cognitive ability that might be high while another is low in a 'splitter' perspective?
A person might have high verbal reasoning ability but be weak in visual-spatial thinking.
p.3
Spearman's General Intelligence (g) Theory
What is the general factor of intelligence that Spearman identified?
The general factor, or 'g', represents a pool of mental energy.
p.3
The Role of Nonintellectual Influences on Intelligence
What types of problems require more than just g for their solution?
Problems in fields like engineering, teaching, and medicine usually require specialized knowledge.
p.3
Spearman's General Intelligence (g) Theory
What does Spearman's general intelligence theory suggest about individuals?
Each person has a general level of intellectual ability that can be demonstrated in various areas.
p.2
The Debate Between Lumpers and Splitters
What essential capacities do some splitter theorists believe are omitted in traditional intelligence tests?
Practical intelligence, creativity, artistic and musical abilities, and rational thinking.
p.2
The Debate Between Lumpers and Splitters
What do splitter theorists focus on instead of total scores on intelligence tests?
They focus on patterns of strengths and weaknesses in cognitive abilities.
p.3
The Role of Nonintellectual Influences on Intelligence
What nonintellectual influences can affect the expression of g?
Factors like math phobia or lack of training in higher math.
p.4
Historical Perspectives on Intelligence Measurement
What was the foundation for offering a single score, the global IQ, in the United States?
Terman's adaptation of Binet's test based on Spearman's g theory.
