p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What are the risks of Propoxyphene for older adults?
Causes constipation, drowsiness, confusion, and slowed breathing.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does Echinacea interact with immunosuppressants like Cyclosporine?
Echinacea has an antagonistic effect with immunosuppressants since it is an immune system stimulant.
p.3
Antidepressants and Anticholinergic Effects
What anticholinergic effects do Belladonna alkaloids, Clidinium, Chlordiazepoxide, Dicyclomine, Hyoscyamine, and Propantheline have on elderly patients?
Causes confusion, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, light-headedness, difficulty in urination, and loss of bladder control.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the risk of prolonged use of Echinacea with hepatotoxic drugs?
Prolonged use of Echinacea may cause liver damage, and when taken with other hepatotoxic drugs, the risk of liver damage may be increased.
p.2
Patient Counseling on Incompatibilities
How do potassium-sparing diuretics interact with other diuretics?
They negate the effectiveness of potassium-sparing diuretics.
p.2
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the effect of saw palmetto on estrogen replacement therapy and oral contraceptives?
It intensifies the effects of estrogen.
p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What side effects does Reserpine cause in elderly patients?
Causes dizziness, depression, erectile dysfunction, and drowsiness.
p.2
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does St. John's Wort affect iron absorption?
It reduces iron absorption.
p.3
Antidepressants and Anticholinergic Effects
What anticholinergic effects do muscle relaxants like Carisoprodol, Chlorzoxazone, Cyclobenzaprine, Metaxalone, Methocarbamol, and Oxybutynin have on elderly patients?
Causes confusion, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, light-headedness, difficulty in urination, loss of bladder control, drowsiness, and weakness.
p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What is the risk of Meprobamate for elderly patients?
Very addictive and sedating.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the effect of Licorice on Digoxin?
Licorice increases the risk of Digoxin toxicity by lowering potassium levels.
p.2
Patient Counseling on Incompatibilities
What is the effect of diuretics on potassium levels?
Diuretics intensify the diuretic effect, causing rapid loss of potassium.
p.3
Antihistamines and Alcohol Interaction
What anticholinergic effects do Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, Cyproheptadine, and Hydroxyzine have on elderly patients?
Causes confusion, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, light-headedness, difficulty in urination, and loss of bladder control.
p.2
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does St. John's Wort interact with benzodiazepines?
It reduces the anti-anxiety effect and increases drowsiness.
p.2
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the interaction between St. John's Wort and indinavir (HIV)?
It reduces blood levels, thereby diminishing effectiveness.
p.2
Patient Counseling on Incompatibilities
How does valerian interact with anesthetics?
It prolongs sedation time.
p.2
Drug-Food Interactions
How do potassium-rich foods interact with potassium-sparing diuretics and ACE inhibitors?
They increase potassium levels, resulting in irregular heartbeat and heart palpitations.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the effect of Grapefruit on most drugs?
Grapefruit is an enzyme inducer, reducing the effectiveness of most drugs.
p.3
Antidepressants and Anticholinergic Effects
What anticholinergic effects do Amitriptyline and Doxepin have on elderly patients?
Causes confusion, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, light-headedness, difficulty in urination, loss of bladder control, and strong sedating effect.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does Chamomile affect sedatives like Phenobarbital?
Chamomile intensifies or prolongs the sedative effect of Phenobarbital and other sedatives.
p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What is the risk of Digoxin for elderly patients?
Decreased excretion through the urine; use small doses.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does Ginkgo interact with anticoagulants like Warfarin?
Ginkgo increases the risk of bleeding when taken with Warfarin and other anticoagulants.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the interaction between Ginseng and Warfarin?
Ginseng increases the risk of bleeding when taken with Warfarin.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does Licorice interact with antiarrhythmics?
Licorice negates the antiarrhythmic effect by increasing the risk of abnormal heart rhythms.
p.2
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the effect of St. John's Wort on cyclosporine?
It reduces the immunosuppressant effect by reducing blood levels of cyclosporine.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the interaction between Ginger and Warfarin?
Ginger increases the risk of bleeding when taken with Warfarin.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the effect of Ginseng on Digoxin?
Ginseng increases blood levels of Digoxin.
p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What side effects can Pentazocine cause in elderly patients?
Causes confusion and hallucination.
p.2
Antidepressants and Anticholinergic Effects
What is the risk of combining MAO inhibitors with other antidepressants?
It intensifies the antidepressant effect and increases the risk of side effects such as headaches, tremors, and manic episodes.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What effect does Chamomile have on iron absorption?
Chamomile reduces iron absorption.
p.3
Antidepressants and Anticholinergic Effects
What anticholinergic effects do Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Thioridazine, and Thiothixene have on elderly patients?
Causes confusion, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, light-headedness, difficulty in urination, loss of bladder control, drowsiness, and movement disorders.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the interaction between Feverfew and Warfarin?
Feverfew increases the risk of bleeding when taken with Warfarin.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does Garlic interact with Warfarin?
Garlic increases the risk of bleeding when taken with Warfarin.
p.2
Drug-Food Interactions
What is the interaction between alcohol and beta blockers or nitrates?
It causes a synergistic effect, leading to excessively low blood pressure.
p.2
Drug-Food Interactions
What is the effect of calcium, iron, or magnesium-containing foods on quinolones, tetracyclines, and antifungals?
They cause sequestration, leading to decreased free drug concentration.
p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What risk does Indomethacin pose to elderly patients?
Causes confusion and dizziness.
p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What side effect does Trimethobenzamide increase in elderly patients?
Increases side effects such as abnormal movements of the arms and legs.
p.3
Antidepressants and Anticholinergic Effects
What anticholinergic effects does Disopyramide have on elderly patients?
Causes confusion, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, light-headedness, difficulty in urination, and loss of bladder control. May cause heart failure in older people.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How do Garlic capsules affect Saquinavir?
Garlic capsules decrease blood levels of Saquinavir, diminishing its effect.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the effect of Ginkgo on Phenytoin?
Ginkgo reduces the effectiveness of Phenytoin as an anticonvulsant.
p.2
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does milk thistle affect hypoglycemic drugs?
It intensifies the hypoglycemic effect.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does Feverfew affect iron absorption?
Feverfew reduces iron absorption.
p.2
Patient Counseling on Incompatibilities
How do serotonin reuptake inhibitors like fluoxetine and paroxetine interact with other drugs?
They intensify the effect.
p.2
Patient Counseling on Incompatibilities
What is the effect of valerian on barbiturates?
It intensifies the effect, causing excessive sedation.
p.2
Drug-Food Interactions
What is the effect of caffeine on bronchodilators?
It increases CNS stimulation.
p.2
Drug-Food Interactions
What is the effect of caffeine on anti-anxiety drugs?
It has an antagonistic effect.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the interaction between Chamomile and Warfarin?
Chamomile increases the risk of bleeding when taken with Warfarin.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the effect of Garlic on hypoglycemic drugs like Insulin?
Garlic intensifies the hypoglycemic effect of Insulin and other hypoglycemic drugs.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does Goldenseal interact with Warfarin?
Goldenseal antagonizes the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin and increases the risk of blood clots.
p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What is the risk of Chlorpropamide for elderly patients?
Prolonged hypoglycemic effect.
p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What are the risks of Methyldopa for older adults?
Slows heart rate and worsens depression.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the effect of Feverfew on migraine drugs like Ergotamine?
Feverfew increases heart rate and blood pressure when taken with Ergotamine and other migraine drugs.
p.2
Anticoagulant Risks with Herbs
What is the interaction between warfarin and other anticoagulants?
It antagonizes the anticoagulant effect and increases the risk of blood clots.
p.2
Drug-Food Interactions
How does a high sodium diet affect antihypertensive drugs?
It lowers drug effectiveness.
p.2
Patient Counseling on Incompatibilities
What is the effect of photosensitizing drugs like lansoprazole and omeprazole?
They increase the risk of sun sensitivity.
p.2
Recommendations for Drug Absorption
How does food affect the absorption of acetaminophen?
Any food slows drug absorption, leading to faster relief if taken on an empty stomach.
p.2
Drug-Food Interactions
How do foods rich in Vitamin K affect anticoagulants?
They reduce drug effectiveness.
p.2
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does St. John's Wort affect digoxin?
It reduces the effectiveness of digoxin by reducing blood levels of digoxin.
p.2
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
What is the risk of combining MAO inhibitors with St. John's Wort?
It intensifies the effect of MAO inhibitors, resulting in an excessive increase in blood pressure that may require emergency treatment.
p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What is the recommendation for using barbiturates like Phenobarbital and Secobarbital in elderly patients?
Should be given only to treat seizure disorders, not anxiety and insomnia.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does Ginkgo interact with MAO inhibitors?
Ginkgo intensifies the antidepressant effect of MAO inhibitors and increases the risk of side effects such as headaches, tremors, and manic episodes.
p.1
Specific Herb Interactions (e.g., Chamomile, Echinacea)
How does Ginseng affect hypoglycemic drugs?
Ginseng intensifies the hypoglycemic effect of hypoglycemic drugs.
p.3
Risks of Common Medications for the Elderly
What are the risks of sedatives like Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Flurazepam, and Nitrazepam for elderly patients?
Causes prolonged drowsiness and increases the risk of falls and fractures. Alprazolam and lorazepam are better choices to treat anxiety and insomnia in older patients.
p.2
Drug-Food Interactions
How do foods containing tyramine interact with MAO inhibitors?
They increase blood pressure.
