The Kiesselbach plexus is a rich vascular network located in the anterior part of the nasal septum, commonly associated with nosebleeds.
Xerostomia is dry mouth, which can be a side effect of many medications.
The three pairs of salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
Adults typically have 32 permanent teeth, with 16 in each arch.
The hard palate is made of bone and is whitish in color, while the soft palate is an arch of muscle that is pinker and mobile.
The nose warms, moistens, and filters inhaled air and serves as the sensory organ for smell.
With aging, there is a gradual loss of subcutaneous fat, making the nose appear more prominent, and nasal hairs may grow coarser and stiffer.
Saliva moistens and lubricates the food bolus, starts digestion, and cleans and protects the mucosa.
The three types of turbinates are the superior, middle, and inferior turbinates.
The uvula should rise in the midline when the person phonates, indicating normal function of cranial nerve X.
The paranasal sinuses lighten the weight of the skull, serve as resonators for sound production, and provide mucus that drains into the nasal cavity.
Chronic tobacco use leads to tooth loss, caries, and periodontal disease.
The oral cavity includes the lips, palate, cheeks, tongue, teeth, gums, and salivary glands.
OSA is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and can affect quality of life.
The tonsils are masses of lymphoid tissue that help in immune response and are located behind the anterior tonsillar pillar.
The olfactory receptors are located at the roof of the nasal cavity and in the upper one-third of the septum.
Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most common chronic disease in children.
